In vitro inhibition of hyaluronidase by sodium copper chlorophyllin complex and chlorophyllin analogs

Abstract

BackgroundInhibitors of hyaluronidase are potent agents that maintain hyaluronic acid homeostasis and may serve as anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial agents. Sodium copper chlorophyllin complex is being used therapeutically as a component in anti-aging cosmeceuticals, and has been shown to have anti-hyaluronidase activity. In this study we evaluated various commercial lots of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex to identify the primary small molecule constituents, and to test various sodium copper chlorophyllin complexes and their small molecule analog compounds for hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Ascorbate analogs were tested in combination with copper chlorophyllin complexes for potential additive or synergistic activity.Materials and methodsFor hyaluronidase activity assays, dilutions of test materials were evaluated for hydrolytic activity of hyaluronidase by precipitation of non-digested hyaluronate by measuring related turbidity at 595 nm. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy was used to analyze and identify the primary small molecule constituents in various old and new commercial lots of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex.ResultsThe most active small molecule component of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex was disodium copper isochlorin e4, followed by oxidized disodium copper isochlorin e4. Sodium copper chlorophyllin complex and copper isochlorin e4 disodium salt had hyaluronidase inhibitory activity down to 10 µg/mL. The oxidized form of copper isochlorin e4 disodium salt had substantial hyaluronidase inhibitory activity at 100 µg/mL but not at 10 µg/mL. Ascorbate derivatives did not enhance the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of sodium copper chlorophyllin. Copper isochlorin e4 analogs were always the dominant components of the small molecule content of the commercial lots tested; oxidized copper isochlorin e4 was found in increased concentrations in older compared to newer lots tested.ConclusionThese results support the concept of using the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex to increase the hyaluronic acid level of the dermal extracellular matrix for the improvement of the appearance of aging facial skin.

Health and Beauty Cosmeceuticals Industry and Market Expansion in Saudi Arabia

“…Personal care and beauty industries have the ability to improve Saudi import and export transactions and market (e.g., Banaja Saudi Import Company, Spimaco, Tabuk Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Manufacturing and Al-Jazeera Pharmaceutical Industries), population income growth, employment and increasing the appetites for quality healthcare and hygiene under the regulation, supervision and coordination Saudi Food and drug Authority (SDFA) and other government stakeholders agencies [6,8,24,25,32,39,40]. The prediction showed that new ingredients will continue to be developed in this sector locally from plant, animal and marine sources [1,2,27,33,41].…”

“…Forecasting cosmeceutical industries growth and performance in enhancing beauty and personal care will continue to conditioning considerably the cosmeceutical industry, however the outpaced of digital and media marketing will provide stronger value growth worldwide [27,33,41]. It is expected that Saudi cosmetics market growth will continue due to the growing traditional and western lifestyle young population, rising disposable income, leading domestic and international stakeholders, substantial government expenditures and strong economic growth [23,28,36].…”

“…Moreover, understanding of local market dynamics, strong local partnership and collaboration, strategic alliances or in-licensing agreements, mutual beneficial joint ventures are active mechanisms for investment and attractive business opportunities [1,2]. Likewise, liaising with big pharmaceutical firms with strong brand equity, advanced technical know-how and capital, R&D capabilities to scale up supply and economy of scale [2,4,30,37,38,41]. The quality of beauty service delivery and outcome of the new generation of biological products activities and beneficial applications is importance.…”

“…It is projected that health and beauty specialists will remain the leading distribution channel up to 2019, ahead of beauty specialist retailers shops, care centers and pharmacies for specialized/branded personal care and beauty products [40,41,47,48]. This is expected to be due to the wide selection of the latest products available ahead of other distribution channels.…”

“…The need to build brand equity at regional and global level could help to leverage the rise of low cost/ price-focused generic and pave ways to strengthening stakeholders' investment, new products or brands development and establishment in ensuring industry sustainability and productivity [2,5,30,41]. Nevertheless, the extent and nature of cosmeceutics firms also poses specific challenges related to branding versus corporate branding management, local regulation, product patent and clearance, consumer target to marketing niche on case by case basis [25,28,31,47].…”