In vitro inhibition of type 2 diabetes key enzymes; effect of extracts and solvent-solvent fractions of Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel

A review of indigenous knowledge and ethnopharmacological significance of African Copaiba Balsam Tree, Daniellia oliveri (Fabaceae)

“…Daniellia oliveri has been established to possess numerous pharmacological, biological and toxicity effects not limited to analgesic [ 31 , 54 ] antinociceptive, antioxidant [ 36 , 55 ], antidiabetic [ 8 , 35 , 51 , 56 ], antidiarrhoeal [ 30 , 43 ], anthelminthic [ 57 ], anti-inflammatory [ 31 , 44 , 54 , 55 ], antimelanogenesis [ 52 ], antimicrobial [ 7 , 24 , 45 , 46 , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] ], antioxidant [ 41 , 62 , 63 ], antiplasmodial [ 64 ], antisickling [ 65 ], antispasmodic [ 66 ], cytotoxic [ 28 , 67 ], cardiotoxic [ 68 ], neuroprotective [ 14 ] and safety profiles [ 31 , 34 , 35 , 55 , 56 ] as discussed below. Table 3 summarises the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities of D. oliveri.…”

“… Dose-dependent inhibition of the radical by the crude and fractions of the plant. The aqueous and aqueous-ethanol extracts depicted the best activity with an IC 50 value of 6.5 μg/ml Depicted moderate (IC 50 : 15.49 μg/mL) activity compared to tocopherol (0.25 μg/mL) in the inhibition of DPPH Ghana Nigeria Nigeria Nigeria [ 36 ] [ 8 ] [ 45 ] [ 67 ] 4 Antidiabetic Root Aqueous In vivo (alloxan-induced diabetic rats) 250 mg/kg b.w. Reduces the fasting blood glucose level (119.…”

“…& Dalz., which is endowed with numerous medicinal uses and has found consistent applications for more than 40 decades [ 7 ]. However, despite the numerous recorded nutritional compositions of its parts (leaves, stem bark, and root), the plant is still considered to be underutilized [ 8 ].…”

“…Neuropsychiatric disorder [ 29 ], headaches, tuberculosis, fever (jaundice), pneumonia, ulcers, hemiplegia, wounds, hernias, impotence, and hiccups [ 30 , 31 ], diarrhoea (bark), malaria fever, pregnancy pains (stem bark) and fatigue (leaves), skin conditions (seed oil) [ 22 ], are some of the plant's indigenous usefulness in Burkina Faso. In Nigerian traditional medicine, stem bark, leaf, and root are handy for the treatment of syphilis, pain in the ear, ringworm, diarrhoea, backache, and fever, most especially typhoid [ 8 , 32 , 33 ]. Regionally, there are differences in the part of the plant adopted for diseases therapy; while the northern Nigeria used the leaf for diabetes and other ailments such as gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disturbances, diarrhoea, and as sexual desire stimulant [ 34 ], the southerners uses the root for diabetes management [ 35 ] as well as its use (leaf and bark) for mouthwash (in cases of toothache or tooth troubles) and wound healing in the unspecified region [ 24 ].…”

“…Typically, polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, glycosides, tannins, saponins, terpenes, and alkaloids were detected from the plant (leaves, stem bark, and roots) from Mali [ 41 ], sterols, polyterpenes, alkaloids, tannins and anthocyanin [ 6 , 42 ] from Togo. Additionally in Ghana, stem bark contains, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, emodels, and flavanols [ 36 ] while the Nigeria-studied phytochemicals are flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, reducing sugars, glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids from the root [ 35 ], tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, terpenes, flavonoids and saponins in the stem bark [ 43 ] and alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins from the leaf [ 8 ] as well as sterols, polyterpenes excluding saponins in Ivory Coast [ 44 ].…”