The inflammatory processes are orchestrated by inflammatory cells through a complex set of chemical signals and can arise in any tissue in response to traumatic, infectious, postischemic, toxic, allergic, or auto-immune injury. 1) In chronic inflammatory diseases, the injury persists and leads to tissue damage.1) During inflammation, the inflammatory region is infiltrated with mononuclear cells, producing a range of inflammatory mediators, including inflammatory cytokines.
2)Mast cells are widely distributed in the connective tissues of mammals and other vertebrates, where they are frequently located in close proximity to blood vessels.3) Mast cells are important effecter cells in allergic reactions as well as in inflammatory processes due to their ability to secrete numerous cytokines. 4,5) In view of such findings, the versatile role played by mast cells is now recognized, especially in allergic inflammation.6,7) Activated mast cells can produce histamine, as well as a wide variety of other inflammatory mediators such as eicosanoids, proteoglycans, proteases, and several proinflammatory and chemotactic cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1. [8][9][10] Notably, modulation of the production of cytokines from mast cells can provide a useful therapeutic strategy for allergic inflammatory disease.In recent years, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 plays important roles in various tumors and inflammatory diseases.11) COX-2, one of the major mediators of the inflammatory reactions, is also strongly induced in activated monocytes and macrophages. Several recent studies demonstrated that prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), the COX-2 metabolite released from activated mast cells, is also essential for the pathogenesis of eosinophilic airway inflammations.12) Previously, it has been reported that COX-2 inhibitors abolished the PGD2 synthesis and attenuated eosinophils accumulation in the airway's inflammations.
13)Corydalis heterocarpa has been used traditionally to treat the boil or dysentery as well as a poison in Korea. In this study, Columbianetin was isolated from Corydalis heterocarpa but its molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Ng et al., reported that Columbianetin inhibited lipid peroxidation in brain and kidney homogenates.14) It has been reported that one of the active compounds from roots of Angelica pubescens, Columbianetin acetate, significantly demonstrated anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.15) Kang and Kim, reported that columbianetin-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside exhibited significant neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced toxicity.
16)To investigate the effect of Columbianetin on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore-induced cytokine production in the present study, we analyzed the production of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-a on the Columbianetin treated human mast cell line, HMC-1. We also investigated the COX-2 expression by Columbianetin.Our results revealed that Columbianetin, the...