In vitro inhibitory effect of selected fungicides on mycelial growth of ambrosia fungus associated with the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Uganda

Abstract

In vitro inhibitory effect of selected fungicides on mycelial growth of ambrosia fungus associated with the black coffee twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Uganda Black coffee twig borer is a new but rapidly spreading insect pest of coffee in Uganda. Female beetles bore into primary branches/twigs and cultivate an ambrosia fungus for feeding their larvae. Thus, controlling the fungus means depriving the brood a source of food. Three fungicides, chlorothalonil (Glider), tebuconazole (Orius 25EW) and dimethomorph + mancozeb (Volar) were evaluated in vitro for their effectiveness in inhibiting mycelial growth of ambrosia fungus associated with the beetle. The pathogen was exposed to four concentrations (1.5x, 1.25x, 1.0x and 0.5x times the manufacturer recommended rate) incorporated into potato dextrose agar using inhibition and food poisoning techniques. The three fungicides inhibited fungal growth to some extent, even at the lowest concentration (0.5x) and percentage inhibition was significantly different (P≤0.05) from each other. Tebucozanole caused 100% growth inhibition irrespective of concentration and technique used while chlorothalonil and dimethomorph + mancozeb caused less than 40% inhibition for both techniques. Therefore, research should determine effectiveness of tebucozanole for suppressing fungal growth under field conditions for diminishing beetle incidence and fungal pathogenic effects in infested branches. This will pave way for integration of use of tebucozanole into overall Integrated Pest Management package (IPM) for the beetle in Uganda.

Microbial Biocontrol Strategies for Ambrosia Beetles and Their Associated Phytopathogenic Fungi

“…Other crops which production has been hindered by ambrosia beetles and their fungal symbionts include orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), coffee (Coffea spp. ), macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche), peach (Prunus persica L. Stokes), and tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) (Gadd and Loos, 1947;Eskalen et al, 2013;Kagezi et al, 2015;Paap et al, 2018;Rugman-Jones et al, 2020;Asman et al, 2021). It is therefore critical to find efficient control strategies for these economically important pests and diseases (Báez-Vallejo et al, 2020).…”