In vitro Interactions of Chicken Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) and PD-1 Ligand-1 (PD-L1)

Reddy, Vishwanatha R. A. P.; Mwangi, William; Sadigh, Yashar; Nair, Venugopal

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00436

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This region would correspond to the site of cleavage of mPD-L1 by proteases, MMPs and/or ADAMs, to release sPD-L1 [ 83 ]. Amino acid sequences were derived from [ 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Generation Of Soluble Pd-l1: Proteolysis and Alternative Splicingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Programmed Death Ligand-1 (sPD-L1): A Pool of Circulating Proteins Implicated in Health and Diseases

Bailly

Thuru

Quesnel

2021

Cancers

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Upon T-cell receptor stimulation, the Programmed cell Death-1 receptor (PD-1) expressed on T-cells can interact with its ligand PD-L1 expressed at the surface of cancer cells or antigen-presenting cells. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 are routinely used for the treatment of cancers, but their clinical efficacy varies largely across the variety of tumor types. A part of the variability is linked to the existence of several forms of PD-L1, either expressed on the plasma membrane (mPD-L1), at the surface of secreted cellular exosomes (exoPD-L1), in cell nuclei (nPD-L1), or as a circulating, soluble protein (sPD-L1). Here, we have reviewed the different origins and roles of sPD-L1 in humans to highlight the biochemical and functional heterogeneity of the soluble protein. sPD-L1 isoforms can be generated essentially by two non-exclusive processes: (i) proteolysis of m/exoPD-L1 by metalloproteases, such as metalloproteinases (MMP) and A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM), which are capable of shedding membrane PD-L1 to release an active soluble form, and (ii) the alternative splicing of PD-L1 pre-mRNA, leading in some cases to the release of sPD-L1 protein isoforms lacking the transmembrane domain. The expression and secretion of sPD-L1 have been observed in a large variety of pathologies, well beyond cancer, notably in different pulmonary diseases, chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and viral diseases. The expression and role of sPD-L1 during pregnancy are also evoked. The structural heterogeneity of sPD-L1 proteins, and associated functional/cellular plurality, should be kept in mind when considering sPD-L1 as a biomarker or as a drug target. The membrane, exosomal and soluble forms of PD-L1 are all integral parts of the highly dynamic PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway, essential for immune-tolerance or immune-escape.

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“…This region would correspond to the site of cleavage of mPD-L1 by proteases, MMPs and/or ADAMs, to release sPD-L1 [ 83 ]. Amino acid sequences were derived from [ 86 , 87 ].…”

Section: Generation Of Soluble Pd-l1: Proteolysis and Alternative Splicingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Programmed Death Ligand-1 (sPD-L1): A Pool of Circulating Proteins Implicated in Health and Diseases

Bailly

Thuru

Quesnel

2021

Cancers

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“…Tumor-like tissues from various internal organs were fixed in 4% neutral buffered formalin solution, routinely processed and embedded in paraffin and used for the histopathological observation [28]. The total RNA was extracted from samples of the spleen and cecal tonsils (CTs) to detect the mRNA expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 [20,29,30].…”

Section: Sample Collection and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PD-L1 is broadly expressed on both professional and non-professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and on lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues [19]. The activation of these receptors is known to cause immune cell "exhaustion," preventing the immune system from destroying infected cells [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emergence of a vv + MDV Can Break through the Protections Provided by the Current Vaccines

Shi

Wang

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Marek’s disease (MD) is an infectious malignant T-cell lymphoma proliferative disease caused by Marek’s disease virus (MDV). In recent years, the emergence of very virulent (vv) and/or very virulent plus (vv +) strains of MDV in the field has been suggested as one of the causes of vaccination failure. The pathogenicity of the MDV strain GX18NNM4, isolated from a clinical outbreak in a broiler breeder flock that was vaccinated with CVI988/Rispens, was investigated. In the vaccination-challenge test, GX18NNM4 was able to break through the protections provided by the vaccines CVI988 and 814. It also significantly reduced body weight gain and caused marked gross lesions and a large area of infiltration of neoplastic lymphocyte cells in the heart, liver, pancreas, etc. of the infected birds. In addition, the expressions of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), in the spleens and cecal tonsils (CTs) of the unvaccinated challenged birds were significantly increased compared to those in the vaccinated challenged birds, indicating that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is related to immune evasion mechanisms. The results showed that the GX18NNM4 strain could cause severe immunosuppression and significantly decrease the protections provided by the current commercial vaccines, thus showing GX18NNM4 to be a vv + MDV strain.

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“…In humans, many of these proteins have been described, and some of them are already targeted by marketed treatments: among them, we find PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, A2aR, BTLA, IDO, and KIR (152). For all of these proteins, homologs have been found and described in chickens, highlighting a great similarity between both species (88,(153)(154)(155)(156)(157).…”

Section: Key Receptors and Molecules On Immune Cellsmentioning

confidence: 70%

The Chicken Embryo Model: A Novel and Relevant Model for Immune-Based Studies

Garcia

Wang²,

Viallet³

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Dysregulation of the immune system is associated with many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. To date, the most commonly used models in biomedical research are rodents, and despite the various advantages they offer, their use also raises numerous drawbacks. Recently, another in vivo model, the chicken embryo and its chorioallantoic membrane, has re-emerged for various applications. This model has many benefits compared to other classical models, as it is cost-effective, time-efficient, and easier to use. In this review, we explain how the chicken embryo can be used as a model for immune-based studies, as it gradually develops an embryonic immune system, yet which is functionally similar to humans’. We mainly aim to describe the avian immune system, highlighting the differences and similarities with the human immune system, including the repertoire of lymphoid tissues, immune cells, and other key features. We also describe the general in ovo immune ontogeny. In conclusion, we expect that this review will help future studies better tailor their use of the chicken embryo model for testing specific experimental hypotheses or performing preclinical testing.

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In vitro Interactions of Chicken Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) and PD-1 Ligand-1 (PD-L1)

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Soluble Programmed Death Ligand-1 (sPD-L1): A Pool of Circulating Proteins Implicated in Health and Diseases

Soluble Programmed Death Ligand-1 (sPD-L1): A Pool of Circulating Proteins Implicated in Health and Diseases

The Emergence of a vv + MDV Can Break through the Protections Provided by the Current Vaccines

The Chicken Embryo Model: A Novel and Relevant Model for Immune-Based Studies

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