In Vitro Investigations of Human Bioaccessibility from Reference Materials Using Simulated Lung Fluids

Pelfrêne, Aurélie; Cave, Mark; Wragg, Joanna; Douay, Francis

doi:10.3390/ijerph14020112

Cited by 105 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Employing modified media formulations with the addition of biologically relevant pulmonary surfactants such as albumin, mucin and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPCC) have been proposed 41,42,58 ; the case of DPCC makes biological sense and it should be thus systematically investigated along with other test parameters including S/L, incubation duration and particle size cut off 41,59 , aiming towards a unified approach similarly to gut bioaccessibility 56 .…”

Section: Inhalation Bioaccessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Inhalation Bioaccessibility of Phthalate Esters and Alternative Plasticizers Present in Indoor Dust Using Artificial Lung Fluids

Kademoglou

Giovanoulis

Palm-Cousins

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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Phthalate esters (PEs) are plasticiser additives imparting durability, elasticity and flexibility to consumer products. The low migration stability of PEs along with their ubiquitous character and adverse health effects to humans and especially children has resulted in their classification as major indoor contaminants. This study assesses inhalation exposure to PEs via indoor dust using an in vitro inhalation bioaccessibility test (i.e. uptake) for of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and the alternative non phthalate plasticisers bis(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHT) and cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINCH), exposure. Using artificial lung fluids, which mimicktwo distinctively different pulmonary environments, namely artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF, pH = 4.5) representing the fluid that inhaled particles would contact after phagocytosis by alveolar and interstitial macrophages within the lung and Gamble's solution (pH = 7.4), the fluid for deep dust deposition within the pulmonary environment. Low molecular weight (MW) PEs such as DMP and DEP were highly bioaccessible (> 75 %) in both artificial pulmonary media, whereas highly hydrophobic compounds such as DEHP, DINCH and DEHT were < 5 % bioaccessible via the lung. Our findings show that the in vitro pulmonary uptake of PEs is primarily governed by their hydrophobicity and water solubility, highlighting thus the need for the establishment of a unified and biologically relevant inhalation bioaccessibility test format, employed within the risk assessment framework for volatile and semi-volatile organic pollutants.

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Section: Inhalation Bioaccessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Inhalation Bioaccessibility of Phthalate Esters and Alternative Plasticizers Present in Indoor Dust Using Artificial Lung Fluids

Kademoglou

Giovanoulis

Palm-Cousins

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett.

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“…It should be noted, however, that the particles analysed in this study were PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 1 , which would be expected to leach metals more readily. Pelfrene et al (2017) carried out ALF dissolution tests on a range of certified reference materials. Results indicated large variability in dissolution of metals between each of the reference materials; % bioaccessibility of Mn was found to be 5.5% (± 0.1), 44.3% (± 0.2) and 46.8% (± 2.6) amongst the three analysed reference materials; this would indicate that the chemical composition of a specific sample affects the ability of metals to leach into simulated biological fluids.…”

Section: Alf-soluble Metals' Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the use of < 38 µm fraction as a proxy for < 10 µm road dust particles

Brown

Barrett

Bennett

et al. 2019

Environ Geochem Health

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It is well documented that a large portion of urban particulate matters is derived from road dust. Isolating particles of RD which are small enough to be inhaled, however, is a difficult process. In this study, it is shown for the first time that the\ 38 lm fraction of road dust particles can be used as a proxy for road dust particles \ 10 lm in bioaccessibility studies. This study probed similarities between the \ 10 and \ 38 lm fractions of urban road dust to show that the larger of the two can be used for analysis for which larger sample masses are required, as is the case with in vitro analysis. Road dust, initially segregated to size \ 38 lm using sieves, was again size segregated to \ 10 lm using water deposition. Both the original \ 38 lm and the separated \ 10 lm fractions were then subject to single particle analysis by SEM-EDX and bulk analysis by ICP-OES for its elemental composition. Dissolution tests in artificial lysosomal fluid, representative of lung fluid, were carried out on both samples to determine % bioaccessibility of selected potentially harmful elements and thus probe similarities/differences in in vitro behaviour between the two fractions. The separation technique achieved 94.3% of particles \ 10 lm in terms of number of particles (the original sample contained 90.4% as determined by SEM-EDX). Acid-soluble metal concentration results indicated differences between the samples. However, when manipulated to negate the input of Si, SEM-EDX data showed general similarities in metal concentrations. Dissolution testing results indicated similar behaviour between the two samples in a simulated biological fluid.

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“…The concentration and the composition of the atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in urban areas is nowadays widely monitored, due to the risks it poses to human health [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The health risks associated with PM arise from the possibility of deposition of particles in the human respiratory system; in particular, the depth that particles can reach strictly depends on the particle size [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of the Incinerator to the Inorganic Composition of the PM10 Collected in Turin

et al. 2020

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Modern incinerator plants are equipped with an efficient system for the removal of pollutants and, hence, the gas and particle emissions are generally extremely low. However, it is possible that malfunctions, together with specific meteorological conditions, temporarily cause significant emissions. In this study, the evolution of the inorganic composition of PM10 samples collected in the vicinity of the Turin incinerator before and after its commissioning was assessed. The purpose was to identify the PM sources present in the area, and to evaluate if the operation of the incinerator caused an increase of the concentration of some species. Significant differences were registered among the composition of samples collected in 2012 and 2014, as the latter year was characterized by higher concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Ca, K, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn. Considering the position of the incinerator and of the monitoring station, it seems that this increment was not directly caused by the plant emissions. The most probable source of these elements is the highway vehicular traffic, which might have increased due to the travelling of trucks carrying wastes to the incinerator. However, a direct contribution deriving from the incinerator emissions cannot be excluded.

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In Vitro Investigations of Human Bioaccessibility from Reference Materials Using Simulated Lung Fluids

Cited by 105 publications

References 84 publications

In Vitro Inhalation Bioaccessibility of Phthalate Esters and Alternative Plasticizers Present in Indoor Dust Using Artificial Lung Fluids

In Vitro Inhalation Bioaccessibility of Phthalate Esters and Alternative Plasticizers Present in Indoor Dust Using Artificial Lung Fluids

An investigation into the use of < 38 µm fraction as a proxy for < 10 µm road dust particles

Contribution of the Incinerator to the Inorganic Composition of the PM10 Collected in Turin

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