In Vitro Models for Simulating Swallowing

Qazi, Waqas Muhammad; Stading, Mats

doi:10.1007/174_2017_116

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In addition to masticatory robots, swallowing robots are an emerging field of research. Reviews on such swallowing robots ( 92 , 93 ) noted that despite the development of a range of devices, there is not yet one device capable of mimicking the entire deglutition process throughout the oral, pharyngeal and esophageal phases. It is important to note that these artificial masticators cannot replace human studies which are still required for: (1) system validation using particle size distribution ( 82 , 87 ); and (2) identification of masticator inputs such as forces, salivary flow rate, and chewing time and frequency ( 89 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Oral Processing—An Industry Perspective

et al. 2021

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We illustrate how scientific understanding of Food Oral Processing enables food product development with specific benefits for several target populations. in vivo, in vitro, and in silico approaches are discussed in the context of their ability to quantify oral processing from the molecular to the macroscopic scale. Based on this understanding, food structures with enhanced performance in terms of hedonic and nutritional properties as well as appropriateness for age and certain medical conditions can be developed. We also discuss current gaps and highlight development opportunities from an industry perspective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food Oral Processing—An Industry Perspective

et al. 2021

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“…While the gripping motion is an essential feature of the tongue to propel boluses towards the pharynx, the resilience of ingestible material (e.g., a tablet) affects the amount of work that mouthparts must do during oral transportation, which can affect the sensory perceptions of slipperiness, stickiness, and smoothness [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Qazi and Standing (2017) provided an overview of in vitro models mimicking swallowing phases, but the majority of methods related to the esophagus or mastication process [ 26 ]. The intricate anatomy, complex coordination of physiology, and biomechanics of the swallowing process reflect the limited existing designs of in vitro oropharyngeal swallowing models [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Analytical Framework to Assess the In Vitro Swallowability of Solid Oral Dosage Forms Targeting Patient Acceptability and Adherence

et al. 2021

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A lack of effective intervention in addressing patient non-adherence and the acceptability of solid oral dosage forms combined with the clinical consequences of swallowing problems in an ageing world population highlight the need for developing methods to study the swallowability of tablets. Due to the absence of suitable techniques, this study developed various in vitro analytical tools to assess physical properties governing the swallowing process of tablets by mimicking static and dynamic stages of time-independent oral transitioning events. Non-anatomical models with oral mucosa-mimicking surfaces were developed to assess the swallowability of tablets; an SLA 3D printed in vitro oral apparatus derived the coefficient of sliding friction and a friction sledge for a modified tensometer measured the shear adhesion profile. Film coat hydration and in vitro wettability was evaluated using a high-speed recording camera that provided quantitative measurements of micro-thickness changes, simulating static in vivo tablet–mucosa oral processing stages with artificial saliva. In order to ascertain the discriminatory power and validate the multianalytical framework, a range of commonly available tablet coating solutions and new compositions developed in our lab were comparatively evaluated according to a quantitative swallowability index that describes the mathematical relationship between the critical physical forces governing swallowability. This study showed that the absence of a film coat significantly impeded the ease of tablet gliding properties and formed chalky residues caused by immediate tablet surface erosion. Novel gelatin- and λ-carrageenan-based film coats exhibited an enhanced lubricity, lesser resistance to tangential motion, and reduced stickiness than polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)–PEG graft copolymer, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and PVA-coated tablets; however, Opadry® EZ possessed the lowest friction–adhesion profile at 1.53 a.u., with the lowest work of adhesion profile at 1.28 J/mm2. For the first time, the in vitro analytical framework in this study provides a fast, cost-effective, and repeatable swallowability ranking method to screen the in vitro swallowability of solid oral medicines in an effort to aid formulators and the pharmaceutical industry to develop easy-to-swallow formulations.

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“…Regarding the pharyngeal phase, specifically, Stading and Qazi are currently developing a mechanical in-vitro apparatus named the ‘Gothenburg Throat’ [11] which aims at investigating the rheology of bolus during the pharyngeal phase. This apparatus consists of a duct assembly of simplified rigid geometries representing the tongue, pharynx, larynx, trachea, epiglottis and esophagus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swall-E: A robotic in-vitro simulation of human swallowing

et al. 2018

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Swallowing is a complex physiological function that can be studied through medical imagery techniques such as videofluoroscopy (VFS), dynamic magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). VFS is the gold standard although it exposes the subjects to radiations. In-vitro modeling of human swallowing has been conducted with limited results so far. Some experiments were reported on robotic reproduction of oral and esophageal phases of swallowing, but high fidelity reproduction of pharyngeal phase of swallowing has not been reported yet. To that end, we designed and developed a robotic simulator of the pharyngeal phase of human swallowing named Swall-E. 17 actuators integrated in the robot enable the mimicking of important physiological mechanisms occurring during the pharyngeal swallowing, such as the vocal fold closure, laryngeal elevation or epiglottis tilt. Moreover, the associated computer interface allows a control of the actuation of these mechanisms at a spatio-temporal accuracy of 0.025 mm and 20 ms. In this study preliminary experiments of normal pharyngeal swallowing simulated on Swall-E are presented. These experiments show that a 10 ml thick bolus can be swallowed by the robot in less than 1 s without any aspiration of bolus material into the synthetic anatomical laryngo-tracheal conduit.

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In Vitro Models for Simulating Swallowing

Cited by 12 publications

References 46 publications

Food Oral Processing—An Industry Perspective

Food Oral Processing—An Industry Perspective

Multi-Analytical Framework to Assess the In Vitro Swallowability of Solid Oral Dosage Forms Targeting Patient Acceptability and Adherence

Swall-E: A robotic in-vitro simulation of human swallowing

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