In vitro morpho-histological studies of newly developed embryos from abnormal malformed embryos of date palm cv. Gundila under desiccation effect of polyethelyne glycol treatments

El-Dawayati, Maiada M.; Bar, Ola H Abd El; Zaid, Zeinab E.; Din, Amal F. M. Zein El

doi:10.1016/j.aoas.2012.08.005

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…El Dawayati et al (2012) found that AsA did not prevent phenol oxidation but prevented quinone polymerization reducing the probability to negatively react with proteins. Sané et al (2005) found that phenolic exudate-related compounds decreased in explants of date palm after 24 h in media containing high levels of ascorbate and citrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Growth, lipid peroxidation, organic solutes, and anti-oxidative enzyme content in drought-stressed date palm embryogenic callus suspension induced by polyethylene glycol

Helaly

El-Hosieny

El-Sarkassy

et al. 2017

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

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Polyethylene glycol (PEG) can be used in somatic embryogenesis to enhance embryogenic development and improve the success of in vitro culture but PEG also causes osmotic stress in developing embryos. The effects of PEG on embryo growth and development in date palm cell suspension culture and associated antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated. Callus maintained on MS basal media was transferred to regeneration liquid media supplemented with increasing levels (0-20%) of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) to induce osmotic stress. The degree of embryogenic callus formation, its fresh weight, and the percentage of normal embryo callus shapes were increased with an increase in the level of PEG up to 10%. Total soluble protein (TSP), proline, glycine betaine (GB), total soluble phenol (TSPh), total sugars (TS), and total soluble organic acids (TOA) also increased whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased in response to PEG supplementation. Raising the PEG level increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration up to 10% PEG and thereafter decreased. Glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activities decreased at the highest levels of PEG. The proportion of normal embryo developmental shapes were about 50% compared with 20% abnormal shapes at optimum levels of PEG. Proliferation of somatic embryos was influenced by their developmental shapes. Cv. Samani accumulated more organic solutes compared with cv. Sewi in both control and stress inducing media. In contrast, lipid peroxidation, GR, SOD, and CAT activities were significantly higher in cv. Sewi than in cv. Samani indicating that the cv. Samani had the ability to tolerate a higher level of osmotic stress compared to cv. Sewi due to the enhanced osmotic rebalancing within its tissues.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Growth, lipid peroxidation, organic solutes, and anti-oxidative enzyme content in drought-stressed date palm embryogenic callus suspension induced by polyethylene glycol

Helaly

El-Hosieny

El-Sarkassy

et al. 2017

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

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“…High production of abnormal embryos has been reported in different plant species (Tremblay et al 1999;Chanatásig 2004;Hashemloian et al 2008;Vila et al 2010). The main abnormalities exhibited in SE in different plant species are: fusion of two or more embryos, lack of apical and radical meristems, translucent embryos, multiple cotyledons, and loss of bipolarity (Chanatásig 2004;Hashemloian et al 2008;El Dawayati et al 2012;Ruffoni and Savona 2013). Abnormalities in SE may be associated with physiological disorders and/or somaclonal variations (SV) where mutations or epigenetic changes can influence the embryo development and, consequently, the morphology of the resulting plants (Tremblay et al 1999;Finnegan et al 2000;Xiao 2006;Bobadilla Landey et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormalities in somatic embryogenesis caused by 2,4-D: an overview

Garcia¹,

Almeida

Costa

et al. 2019

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

110

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Somatic embryogenesis is a morphogenetic event where somatic cells have the ability to produce embryos without gamete fusion. It is used as a technique for plant mass propagation. It is a process that has six well defined steps such as induction, expression, development, maturation, germination and plant conversion. These steps are characterized by distinct physiological, morphological and molecular events. Although somatic embryogenesis has been established in several plant species, there remains many problems to be solved. The main problem in somatic embryogenesis is the large number of abnormal embryos produced which cannot germinate nor convert into normal plants. Abnormalities in somatic embryos (SE) can be generated by genetic or epigenetic changes in the DNA. These changes in the DNA can be influenced by external factors such as the use of plant growth regulators and mutagenic substances or stress factors applied to the plant tissue such as high and low temperatures, drought, salinity, and heavy metals. Abnormalities generated by genetic changes in the DNA are hardly reversible; however, abnormalities generated by epigenetic changes may be reversible and the abnormal embryos are able to produce normal plants in most cases. This review focuses on the identification of the main factors that can cause abnormal SE development in different plant species, suggest how SE abnormalities are related to somaclonal variations and identify which genes may be involved with embryo abnormalities. Zygotic embryo abnormalities in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants are listed with the aim to understand the main genetic mechanisms involved in embryo aberrations. Key messageThe abnormalities in somatic embryos are related to the use of 2,4-D in most of the published protocols, this sintetic auxin disrupts the endogenous auxin balance and the auxin polar transportation interfering with the embryo apical-basal polarity.

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“…Hasil pengamatan histologis embrio somatik normal sagu tersebut menunjukkan kecenderungan susunan sel yang sama dengan tanaman kurma cv. Gundila (El Dawayati et al, 2012) dan tebu (Alcantara et al, 2014).…”

Section: Perkembangan Embriogenesis Somatikunclassified

Proliferasi Kalus dan Induksi Embriogenesis Somatik Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon saguRottb.) Menggunakan Tiga Metode Kultur: Sistem Perendaman Sesaat, Suspensi dan Media Padat

et al. 2018

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The accurate method of in vitro culture will increase the effectiveness and efficiency of sago palm callus proliferation and somatic embryogenesis induction. The research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of three methods for tissue culture, i.e. suspension, temporary immersion system (TIS), and solid media culture, for indirect somatic embryogenesis of sago palm "Alitir" derived from Merauke, Papua. A clump of friable calli derived from sucker's tip meristem culture was used as starting material. The calli were cultured on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium with 5.0-15.0 mg/l 2,4-D combined with 0.1 mg/l kinetin using three culture methods. There were twelve treatment combinations. The results showed that the highest fresh weight of calli was 12.0 g/flask achieved by suspension culture method supplemented with 15 mg/l 2.4-D combined with 0.1 mg/l kinetin. The highest number of somatic embryo was 384.7 pcs/flask achieved by suspension culture method with supplemented 5 mg/l 2.4-D combined with 0.1 mg/l kinetin. The best survival rate (100%) was obtained by suspension culture method for all treatments with 2.4-D concentration. During the somatic embryo induction of sago palm, the color of calli has changed from mostly yellowish to light yellow and yellowish-white.Keywords: Calli proliferation, culture method, Metroxylon sagu Rottb., plant growth regulator, somatic embryo induction. ABSTRAKMetode kultur in vitro yang tepat akan meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi pada proses penggandaan kalus dan induksi embriogenesis somatik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas tiga metode kultur jaringan, yaitu sistem kultur suspensi, sistem perendaman sesaat (SPS) atau temporary immersion system (TIS), dan media padat, untuk proliferasi kalus dan pembentukan embrio somatik secara tidak langsung pada tanaman sagu "Alitir" yang berasal dari Merauke, Papua. Bahan tanaman atau eksplan awal yang digunakan adalah kalus remah hasil induksi dari kultur meristem pucuk tunas anakan sagu. Kalus tersebut dikulturkan pada media Murashige dan Skoog (MS) modifikasi dengan penambahan 2,4-D 5,0-15,0 mg/l dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,1 mg/l menggunakan ketiga metode kultur sehingga terdapat dua belas kombinasi perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bobot segar kalus tertinggi sebesar 12,0 g/bejana dicapai pada metode kultur suspensi dengan penambahan 2,4-D 15,0 mg/l dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,1 g/l. Perolehan jumlah embrio somatik tertinggi dicapai pada metode kultur suspensi dengan penambahan 2,4-D 5,0 mg/l dikombinasikan dengan kinetin 0,1 g/l sebesar 384,7 buah/bejana. Daya hidup kultur sagu terbaik dan tertinggi (100%) diperoleh pada metode kultur suspensi pada semua perlakuan konsentrasi 2,4-D. Selama proses induksi embrio somatik, terjadi perubahan warna kalus dari sebagian besar kekuningan menjadi krem dan putih-kekuningan.Kata kunci: Induksi embrio somatik, metode kultur, Metroxylon sagu Rottb., zat pengatur tumbuh, proliferasi kalus.Hak Cipta © 2016, BB Biogen Jurnal AgroBiogen 12(1):37-44

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In vitro morpho-histological studies of newly developed embryos from abnormal malformed embryos of date palm cv. Gundila under desiccation effect of polyethelyne glycol treatments

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Growth, lipid peroxidation, organic solutes, and anti-oxidative enzyme content in drought-stressed date palm embryogenic callus suspension induced by polyethylene glycol

Growth, lipid peroxidation, organic solutes, and anti-oxidative enzyme content in drought-stressed date palm embryogenic callus suspension induced by polyethylene glycol

Abnormalities in somatic embryogenesis caused by 2,4-D: an overview

Proliferasi Kalus dan Induksi Embriogenesis Somatik Tanaman Sagu (Metroxylon saguRottb.) Menggunakan Tiga Metode Kultur: Sistem Perendaman Sesaat, Suspensi dan Media Padat

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