In Vitro Pesticide Degradation in Turfgrass Soil Incubated under Open and Sealed Conditions

Suzuki, Tomohiko; Yaguchi, Kumiko; Suzuki, Sukeji; Suga, Tetsuya

doi:10.2134/jeq2001.30118x

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Dissipation of dicamba, nicosulfuron, and rimsulfuron in surface soil followed a first-order model ( , ). Laboratory monitoring demonstrated that a first-order model provided the best description of data on the degradation of pesticides in soils ( − ). Dissipation of atrazine was well-described by a first-order model, and alachlor behavior in the soil could be described by first-order dissipation for the 2 months following application and zero-order dissipation after ().…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide Runoff along Highways. 1. Field Observations

Huang

Pedersen

Fischer

et al. 2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Herbicides are widely applied along highways to control roadside vegetation, and surface water is frequently nearby. To determine whether herbicide runoff along highways threatens water quality, a field study was conducted at two sites in northern California for three rainy seasons. The herbicides oryzalin, isoxaben, diuron, glyphosate, and clopyralid were selected for study to include compounds with significant variation in physical/chemical properties. Concentrations of herbicides in runoff were monitored for up to 11 storms following herbicide application, and 24 samples were collected per storm, providing unprecedented temporal detail. Flow-weighted event mean concentrations were calculated for each herbicide in each storm and ranged from below detection limits to 43.13 microg/L for oryzalin. The least soluble compounds, isoxaben and oryzalin, were detected in all storms monitored while the more soluble compounds, diuron and clopyralid, declined to levels below detection limits before monitoring was concluded. Very small amounts of glyphosate were mobilized, but its transformation product aminomethylphosphonic acid was detected at higher concentrations, in more storm events, and at greater depth in the soil profile. A first-order model successfully described the declining herbicide concentrations in spray zone soil and in surface runoff for all sites and herbicides. Fitted first-order coefficients were always higher for runoff than for soil, indicating that the herbicide that persists in the source zone becomes less available for runoff as the time since application increases. The percentage of the applied herbicide that was detected in surface runoff over a season ranged from 0.05% to 43.5%, and the most critical variables in controlling the variation were the solubility of the herbicide and the runoff volume. For a given herbicide and site, the most critical factors in determining seasonal herbicide loss to surface water were the timing and intensity of the first storm following application, affecting total seasonal runoff by up to 2 orders of magnitude. Minimizing runoff of herbicides along highways will thus require careful attention to the intrinsic mobility of the compound and the timing of its application.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide Runoff along Highways. 1. Field Observations

Huang

Pedersen

Fischer

et al. 2004

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Prior experience with this incubation technique with Tifton soil showed that degradation conditions remained aerobic for extended periods (10). Suzuki et al (11) reported that closed soil incubations with the same soil-air space volumetric ratio remained aerobic for at least 180 days. Their soil had 4.7% organic carbon and was obtained under turf.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissipation of the Defoliant Tribufos in Cotton-Producing Soils

Potter

Reddy

Millhollen

et al. 2002

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Soil dissipation of the cotton defoliant tribufos was measured in laboratory incubations and on 0.2-ha research plots. Computed 50% dissipation time (DT(50)) using nonlinear and linear kinetic models ranged from 1 to 19 days. Data indicated that exchangeable soil aluminum inhibited tribufos-degrading soil organisms. Nevertheless, measured DT(50) values were 40 to 700 times less than the aerobic soil half-life (t(1/2)) values used in recent tribufos risk assessments. DT(50) values suggest that risk estimates were overstated. However, edge-of-field runoff concentrations measured on research plots exceeded invertebrate LOECs, thus some aquatic risk is indicated. Field data also suggested that volatilization may be a significant soil dissipation pathway. From this result, we conclude that volatilization should be included in simulation models used for pesticide registration. This will likely improve the accuracy of model outputs for products such as tribufos. Potential volatilization losses indicate a need to evaluate the atmospheric behavior of tribufos.

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“…For various organic pesticides in soil supporting zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud. ), Suzuki et al (2001) reported k values from 0.08 d −1 to 0.00056 d −1 , with a t 1/2 from 8 to 1246 d. Decay constants may be derived from carbon dioxide evolution data corrected for effi ciency using the equation…”

Section: Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%