Toxicology study aimed to understand the mechanisms of toxicity which impact on risk assessment and safety evaluation. Xenobiotics due to industrialization have huge adverse effects on human and animal health. Toxicological studies are having great importance in marking the relationship between dose and its effects on the exposed organism. In the previous volume 2 issue 2 of the journal comprised of 4 research article and a short communication received across the globe.Municipal effluents are complex mixtures of contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides and pharmaceutical along with microorganisms which are a major source of contamination to aquatic biota. The purpose of Gagnes study was to assess the effects of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles in adult fathead minnows. For assessing the immunocompetence leucocyte viability, phagocytosis activity, oxidative stress and DNA strand breaks in gills methods were employed. The results reveals that ingested nanoparticles could affect the immune system of fish exposed to municipal wastewaters in comparison with non-exposed fish, and exposed fishes were more vulnerable to pathogenic microorganisms [1].Most recent reports have shown khojic acid (KA) to be a carcinogenic in rat liver but not in mouse skin. KA is photochemically unstable causing in vitro breakage of DNA. The research article of Gagne, had evaluated the irradiating KA and DNA and analyzed DNA adducts by the nucleotide 32P-postlabeling (NPL) method. The meticulous investigation revealed that KA was found to be having the potential of photoactivated to DNA-damaging products in skin [2].There is scarcity of information on the potential role of sex in the neurotoxic consequences of Methamphetamine (METH) exposure. METH was termed as highly addictive substance abused in both male and female across the world. The author McFadden, had tried to assess the large dose of METH for the persistent neurotoxic effect in both the gender. The results reveal that neurotoxic effect of METH was found to be similar in both the genders provided to maintain hypothermia conditions [3].