In vitro production of human fecal mutagen

Lederman, Muriel; Tassell, Roger Van; West, Susan E. H.; Ehrich, Marion; Wilkins, Tracy D.

doi:10.1016/0165-1218(80)90079-8

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Biochemically they contain a pentaenyl group (Bruce et al, 1982;Gupta et al, 1983Gupta et al, , 1984Hirai et al, 1985) and are produced by anaerobic Bacteroides spp. (Knudsen, 1986;Lederman et al, 1980;Van Tassel et al, 1982) from precursors known as plasmalopentaenes. Since the amount of fecal mutagens in people consuming typical high-animal-fat, low-fiber Western diets correlates with increased risk of colon cancer, they have been associated with a higher risk to develop colonic cancer (Ehrich et al, 1979;Ferguson and Alley, 1982;Kuhnlein et al, 1981;Mower et al, 1982;Reddy et al, 1980Reddy et al, , 1985.…”

Section: Bacterial Ether Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Plasmalogens the neglected regulatory and scavenging lipid species

Wallner

Schmitz

2011

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids

275

243

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Section: Bacterial Ether Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Plasmalogens the neglected regulatory and scavenging lipid species

Wallner

Schmitz

2011

Chemistry and Physics of Lipids

275

243

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“…Beginning in the stabilization period and continuing to the end of the experiment, 9 of these groups received varying doses of AA, BHA, or both in the diet (Tables II to V); the loth group was the DMH alone control. Four additional no-carcinogen control groups received one of the following: (1) 24 weekly subcutaneous injections of 0.001 M EDTA (0.1 ml), (2) dietary AA (500 mg/kg/day), (3) dietary BHA (1600 mg/kg/ day), or (4) basal diet alone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mutagenic substances have been detected in food items commonly consumed by high risk populations [ 1,2]. In addition, it appears that mutagenic substances are formed in the fecal stream from food constituents [3,4]. Mutagenic compounds have been isolated in the stool of patients with adenomatous polyps and other risk factors for large bowel cancer [5-71. Oxidation reactions seem to be involved in the formation of these mutagenic substances [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole in the chemoprevention of 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced large bowel neoplasms

Jones

Komorowski

Condon

1984

Journal of Surgical Oncology

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Human large bowel neoplasia seems to be caused by environmental carcinogens. The experimental carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), must be oxidized in the body to have effect. The antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and ascorbic acid, were tested for efficacy in prevention of experimental large bowel neoplasia. Carcinogenesis was induced in female CF-1 mice by administering DMH, 20 mg/kg, sq for 24 weekly doses. Test animals received varying doses of ascorbic acid, BHA, or both agents together. Animals were sacrificed when moribund or at 35 weeks. All colons were totally embedded and analyzed histologically. Ascorbic acid demonstrated no effects on incidence or density of large bowel tumors. Ascorbic acid did increase the ratio of adenomas to adenocarcinomas. BHA decreased the incidence and density of large bowel tumors. The lowest incidence was obtained in the group receiving both agents combined. It is concluded that BHA is effective in the chemoprevention of DMH-induced large bowel neoplasms. Ascorbic acid demonstrates only modest effect. The greatest effect on tumor incidence is seen when ascorbic acid and BHA are administered together.

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“…The intestinal flora is an integral part of the human environment, and modifies a very wide range of environmental chemicals, including food additives and certain carcinogens or mutagens (5,(8)(9)(10). Furthermore, the feces of some normal humans have been shown to be mutagenic by the Ames test (4,15), and the mutagenicity of feces increases after anaerobic incubation (15), suggesting that this mutagen is produced by anaerobic bacteria or their enzymes. In contrast, certain intestinal bacteria suppress liver tumorigenesis in gnotobiotic C3HjHe male mice (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation of 1‐Nitropyrene in Intestinal Anaerobic Bacteria

Kinouchi

Manabe

Wakisaka

et al. 1982

Microbiology and Immunology

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Mutagenic nitroaromatic compounds have recently been found in photocopies, urban atmosphere, automobile exhaust and wastewater. 1-Nitropyrene (I-NP) is readily formed when pyrene, ubiquitous in the environment, is exposed to nitrogen dioxide in the urban atmosphere or in automobile exhaust, and is highly mutagenic, inducing 449 hisr revertants/plate/nmol from Salmonella typhimurium strain T A98 in the absence of 89 fraction in the Salmonella-microsome test. It is possible to swallow sputum or some food containing I-NP and it would come into contact with the normal bacterial flora. We determined the I-NP nitroreductase activity in environmental and laboratory bacterial strains. We found that the mutagenicity of I-NP mixed with the feces of a healthy man or a culture of anaerobic bacteria was decreased. The product proved to be I-aminopyrene (I-AP), based on its fluorescence spectrum, its mass spectrum, and its characteristic thin layer chromatographic and high performance liquid chromatographic patterns. The I-NP nitroreductase activity of aerobic bacteria was low, but crude extracts from the anaerobic bacteria, i.e., Bacteroidesfragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. oulgatus, Fusobacterium mortiferum, F. nucleatum, Clostridium perfringens, C. sporogenes, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. bifidum, Eubacterium lentum, E. limosum, andPeptostreptococcus anaerobius, all easily converted I-NP to I-AP and proportionally decreased the mutagenic activity of I-NP.A simple method for identifying chemical mutagens has been developed: the Ames test (I) measures back mutation in several specially constructed mutants of Salmonella typhimurium his-strains. A homogenate of rat liver 89 fraction is added to the Ames test to approximate mammalian metabolism.I-Nitropyrene (l-NP) is a nitroaromatic compound that is highly mutagenic in the Ames test. One nanomol of I-NP induces 484 hisr revertants/plate from S. typhimurium tester strain T A98 in the absence of 89 mix (21). Moreover, 1,8-dinitropyrene induces 72,900 hisr revertants/plate/nmol from strain TA98 (21). I-NP is more mutagenic than representative carcinogens and mutagens; for example, 2-nitronaphthalene and benzo(a)pyrene induce 8.7 and 121 hist revertants/plate/ nmol, respectively (20). I-NP is also carcinogenic in rats (26).I-NP has recently been detected in photocopies, airborne particles, automobile 993

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In vitro production of human fecal mutagen

Cited by 47 publications

References 14 publications

Plasmalogens the neglected regulatory and scavenging lipid species

Plasmalogens the neglected regulatory and scavenging lipid species

The effects of ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole in the chemoprevention of 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced large bowel neoplasms

Biotransformation of 1‐Nitropyrene in Intestinal Anaerobic Bacteria

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