In vitro production of Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV) free kinnow plants employing phytotherapy coupled with shoot tip grafting

Abstract

This paper reports the elimination of Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV) from "kinnow" (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora) employing phytotherapy coupled with shoot tip grafting under in vitro conditions. Nodal segments from infected mother plant (indexed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] and reverse transcriptase PCR [RT-PCR]) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2iP (1 mg/l or 4.9 μM) and malt extract (800 mg/l) along with different concentrations of aqueous extracts from leaves of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Sorghum vulgare (Jowar), and roots of Boerhaavia diffusa (Punarnava). Shoot tips were excised from the nodal sprouts and grafted on to rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri) under aseptic conditions. Maximum effect (50% virus elimination) was seen for aqueous leaf extracts of A. indica followed by B. diffusa root extract (42.86%) and S. vulgare leaf extract (31.58%). Plants/plantlets were considered virus-free only when showing negative reactions by both indirect ELISA and RT-PCR.

Effect of Mn and Fe on Yield, Fruit Quality and Economic Feasibility of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) cv. Kinnow

“…It has lycopene and flavonoides, which are known to reduce prostate and breast cancer, viral affects and cholesterol level and improve capillary activity. It is rich in fiber, which is important for production and maintenance of collagen (Sharma et al, 2007).…”

“…It is the first generation hybrid of king mandarin (C. nobilis Lour) and willow leaf mandarin (C. deliciosa Tenora) (Sharma et al, 2007) (Singh et al, 1978). Since then it has assumed great importance among north Indian growers and a large acreage is being brought under its cultivation particularly in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh (Khurdiya and Lotha, 1994).…”

Elimination of Indian Citrus Ringspot Virus in Kinnow by Using Phytoproteins with Shoot‐tip Grafting

“…Phytotherapy has been coupled with shoot-tip grafting for best results. During these investigations, therefore the ICRSV-free plant material of the Kinnow has been developed Sharma et al 2007.…”

Hormonal Effect on Mandarin Orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco) Micro-propagation

“…Certain pathogens are difficult to be eliminated from mother plant like citrus exocortis and stubborn, which might be eliminated by a process of shoot tip grafting in-vitro. Indian Citrus Ringspot Virus (ICRSV) can also be eliminated by using the shoot tip (0.7mm) of sprouts of cultured nodal segment of Kinnow through in-vitro shoot tip grafting (micro-grafting) [3]. Similarly, plant obtained by micro-grafting do not have the same problems as nucellar plants such as reversion to juvenile state, excessive thorniness, vigorous and upright habit of growth, slowness to fruiting, alternate bearing in early years and physical differences in fruit characteristics [4].…”