In Vitro Propagation and NaCl Tolerance of the Multipurpose Medicinal Halophyte Limoniastrum monopetalum

Abstract

<jats:p><jats:italic>Limoniastrum monopetalum</jats:italic> is an evergreen perennial shrub native to Mediterranean coastal sands and salt marshes. It has adapted to a variety of environmental stresses and is used in traditional medicine and as an ornamental plant. In the present study, an efficient micropropagation protocol for this species was developed to facilitate the production of selected genotypes and promote its wider use. Research has focused on the effects of various cytokinin types [benzyladenine (BA), zeatin, 6-furfurylaminopurine (kinetin) or 6-γ-γ-dimethylallilopurine (2iP)] and concentrations (0.0–4.0 mg·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) and various NaCl concentrations (0.0–20 g·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) during all stages of in vitro culture. For in vitro establishment, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> BA and 0.0 or 5.0 g·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> NaCl was most appropriate (100% explant response, 3–4 shoots per explant, 2 cm shoot length). The best results for shoot multiplication (100% response, 9 shoots per explant, 0.8–1.0 cm shoot length) were obtained with low (0.5 mg·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) BA or relatively high (2.0 mg·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) kinetin concentrations in the medium; however, 0.5 mg·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> kinetin should be preferred in the case of production of multiple rooted microshoots during one stage. The addition of NaCl at relatively low concentrations (2.5 or 5.0 g·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>) in a medium supplemented with 0.5 mg·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> BA doubled shoot multiplication but did not improve shoot elongation (100% explant response, 16 shoots per explant, 0.8 cm shoot length). For in vitro rooting, half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> IBA was most appropriate (97% rooting, 9.4 roots per microshoot, 1.2 cm root length). Regarding the effects of NaCl on in vitro rooting, microshoots were relatively tolerant to NaCl concentrations up to 10.0 g·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The effects of NaCl depend on the micropropagation stage; they are synergistic during shoot multiplication and tolerant during rooting. However, explants responded satisfactorily in its absence, indicating that NaCl was not necessary as a medium component. Ex vitro acclimatization and establishment of plantlets was 100% successful in a mixture of peat:perlite 1:1 or 2:1 (v/v).</jats:p>

Seed germination, micropropagation from adult and juvenile origin explants and address of hyperhydricity of the Cretan endemic herb Calamintha cretica

“…Addition of IBA to the medium did not affect rooting percentage, but it increased root number and reduced root length proportional to the increase of its concentration, while it promoted lateral shoot sprouting (Table 6, Figure 1K). Such negative relation between root number and root length has been shown also in micropropagation of carnation and the Mediterranean species Teucrium capitatum and Limoniastrum monopetalum (Papafotiou and Martini, 2016;Salehi, 2006;Martini and Papafotiou, 2020). Shoot clusters rooted at 97% on half-strength Hf MS and produced 8.7 roots of 1.1 cm length at average (n=46, Figure 1L).…”

Development of in vitro culture establishment conditions and micropropagation of grapevine rootstock cultivar ‘Ruggeri-140’

“…The results of our study showed that roots were unable to root on MS/2 nutrient medium free of auxins. For in vitro rooting, half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l of IBA was most effective, which was consistent with the in vitro rooting studies of other woody plants [2,8].…”

Salinity Tolerance, Ion Accumulation Potential and Osmotic Adjustment In Vitro and In Planta of Different Armeria maritima Accessions from a Dry Coastal Meadow

“…Axillary shoot culture was used to study antioxidative defense and osmotic adjustment of Sesuvium portulacastrum during high salinity [ 25 ]. Shoot cultures of Salicornia europaea [ 26 ], Salicornia brachiata [ 27 ] and Limoniastrum monopetalum [ 28 ] were used to reveal essentiality of NaCl for efficient in vitro propagation of these halophyte species. However, NaCl gradually reduced shoot proliferation in explants of Crithmum maritimum [ 29 ].…”