In vitro protection of biological macromolecules against oxidative stress and in vivo toxicity evaluation of Acacia nilotica (L.) and ethyl gallate in rats

Mohan, Shalini; Kalaivani, T.; Chandrasekaran, R.; Arul, Joseph

doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-257

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Regarding ethyl gallate, although the literature reported numerous activities as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound against various cancer cell lines and mycobacteria [19][20][21][22], no strong significant kinase inhibition was reported in this study. Compound 1 affected only four kinases with IC 50 s under 50 µg/mL ( < 252 µM).…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Constituents of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile with Novel Kinase Inhibitory Activity

Ahmadu

Agunu

Nguyen

et al. 2017

PMIO

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Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile belongs to the genus Acacia, which includes about 1400 species in subtropical and tropical Africa including Nigeria, Senegal, Egypt, and Mozambique as well as Asia from India to Burma. This plant is traditionally used to treat several pathologies such as mouth, ear, and bone cancer. Moreover, it possesses many other biological activities (antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal). We report here the extraction, purification, and identification of two known compounds [ethylgallate and (+)-catechin] from the bark of the tree that were further tested for their inhibitory activities against a panel of disease-related protein kinases. Both compounds were active, and (+)-catechin showed the best activity by inhibiting nine out of fourteen protein kinases with an IC50 value in the µg/mL range. This compound gave the highest activity against CLK1 with an IC50 of 2.1 µg/mL. The ethyl acetate extract and its components, such as catechins and other polyphenols, which also had protein kinase inhibitory activity, can be exploited in the research for anticancer agents.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Constituents of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile with Novel Kinase Inhibitory Activity

Ahmadu

Agunu

Nguyen

et al. 2017

PMIO

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“…The compounds did not lead to any adverse reactions like increased motor activity, blinking eyes, tremors, convulsion, lacrimation, stimulation, muscle weakness, sedation, urination, salivation, lethargy, sleep, arching, rolling or coma up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. Any test substance showing an LD 50 of 1000 mg/kg after oral administration can be considered safe [ 56 ]. This result indicates that the compounds under study, when given orally, could be considered relatively safe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result indicates that the compounds under study, when given orally, could be considered relatively safe. Recently, Mohan et al [ 56 ] observed no mortality with an A. nilotica leaf extract on oral administration to rats at doses up to 2000 mg/kg; while Gouta et al [ 57 ] reported in mice LD 50 = 7393.4 mg/kg of the ethyl acetate fruit fraction. With respect to in vitro cytotoxicity, each drug tested behaved distinctly in the cell line.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute oral toxicity (LD 50 , that is the dose that kills 50% of animals of the tested group) was measured using the method of the OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals [ 56 ] following the European Community guidelines for the protection of animals used in experiments [ 69 ] and respecting the 3Rs (Replacement, Refinement, Reduction) [ 70 ]. Drugs in distilled water were orally administered separately at doses of 10 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg body weight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-Onchocerca and Anti-Caenorhabditis Activity of a Hydro-Alcoholic Extract from the Fruits of Acacia nilotica and Some Proanthocyanidin Derivatives

et al. 2017

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Acacia nilotica fruits with high tannin content are used in the northern parts of Cameroon as anti-filarial remedies by traditional healers. In this study, the hydro-alcoholic fruit extract (crude extract (CE)) and, one of the main constituents in its most active fractions, (+)-catechin-3-O-gallate (CG), as well as four related proanthocyanidins, (−)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (ECG), (+)-gallocatechin (GC), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), were assessed for their potential in vitro anthelmintic properties against the free-living model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and against the cattle filarial parasite Onchocerca ochengi. Worms were incubated in the presence of different concentrations of fruit extract, fractions and pure compounds. The effects on mortality were monitored after 48 h. The plant extract and all of the pure tested compounds were active against O. ochengi (LC50 ranging from 1.2 to 11.5 µg/mL on males) and C. elegans (LC50 ranging from 33.8 to 350 µg/mL on wild type). While high LC50 were required for the effects of the compounds on C. elegans, very low LC50 were required against O. ochengi. Importantly, tests for acute oral toxicity (lowest dose: 10 mg/kg) in Wistar rats demonstrated that crude extract and pure compounds were non-toxic and safe to use. Additionally, the results of cytotoxicity tests with the Caco-2 cell line (CC50 ranging from 47.1 to 93.2 µg/mL) confirmed the absence of significant toxicity of the crude extract and pure compounds. These results are in good accordance with the use of A. nilotica against nematode infections by traditional healers, herdsmen and pastoralists in Cameroon.

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“…Continued suggesting the presence of growth impairing substances such as tannin in acacia pods (55). In a another study, Mohan et al, also reported a decrease in body weight in rats fed with 2% and 8% leaves aqueous extract of A. nilotica in the diet for 2 and 4 weeks (40). While on the other hand, the methanol root extract of A. nilotica was reported by Jigam et al to significantly contribute to decrease in the body weight of mice treated over a 5 week period (51).…”

Section: Plant Part Plant Extract Modelsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Toxicity studies of Acacia nilotica (L.): A review of the published scientific literature

Manzo

Moussa

Ikhiri

et al. 2019

J Herbmed Pharmacol

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Introduction: Acacia nilotica is a valuable plant with medicinal properties that increasinglyincites the curiosity of many researchers. Its pharmacological properties are reported in manystudies, but the fact remains that the plant can be just as toxic as any modern pharmaceuticaldrug. It is very important to dispose sufficient knowledge on what are reported concerning itstoxicity profile. This review is aimed to provide comprehensive summary (all-in-one) of whathave been reported about the toxicity of A. nilotica and to determine the necessity or not toconduct more toxicological studies in a further step toward rationalizing its medicinal use.Methods: Scientific information about the toxicity and or safety of A. nilotica reported elsewherewere reviewed. Search engines such as Google, Bing and Baidu and databases of scientificjournals such as PubMed, Scopus, CAS, CABI, HINARI and AJOL were used to retrieve studiesfrom 1999 to 2017.Results: Few studies have reported the toxicity potential of A. nilotica and most with very limitedinformation. Three of them have reported serious deleterious toxic effects of certain parts of theplant on major organ systems such as kidney and liver. Stem bark as part of A. nilotica appearedto be the most cited to cause observable clinical signs of toxicity and organs lesions.Conclusion: Overall, this review provided comprehensive information on what is known aboutthe toxicity of A. nilotica and showed the necessity to conduct more advanced long-term-basedtoxicological studies.

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In vitro protection of biological macromolecules against oxidative stress and in vivo toxicity evaluation of Acacia nilotica (L.) and ethyl gallate in rats

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Constituents of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile with Novel Kinase Inhibitory Activity

Constituents of Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile with Novel Kinase Inhibitory Activity

Anti-Onchocerca and Anti-Caenorhabditis Activity of a Hydro-Alcoholic Extract from the Fruits of Acacia nilotica and Some Proanthocyanidin Derivatives

Toxicity studies of Acacia nilotica (L.): A review of the published scientific literature

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