In Vitro Quantitative Autoradiography of [<sup>3</sup>H]‐L‐Deprenyl and [<sup>3</sup>H]‐PK 11195 Binding Sites in Human Epileptic Hippocampus

Kumlien, Eva; Hilton-Brown, P; Spännare, Bo; Gillberg, Per‐Göran

doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02336.x

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These results are in line with autoradiographic studies showing a decrease of 3H-Ro 15-1788 that correlated with neuronal loss in resected tissue of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.22 23 Conclusions This study illustrates that single methods as part of non-invasive presurgical evaluation may have limited localising capacity. Convergence of the results of different methods can improve the ability to indicate the localisation of the focus with more precision.…”

Section: Comparison Between Pet and Spectsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Extratemporal abnormalities seen in three patients (6,8,23), were described as white matter abnormalities in all the patients concerned, probably without specific relevance. In one patient (6) abnormalities of white matter were combined with medial temporal sclerosis.…”

Section: Mrimentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Abnormalities were detected in 22 of 23 patients (table 2). These were located in the temporal lobe in 20 and extratemporal lobe in three (6,18,23), including one patient (6) with combined temporal and extratemporal abnormality. One patient (1) showed no MRI abnormality.…”

Section: Mrimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is 11C-flumazenil PET superior to 18FDG PET and 123I-iomazenil SPECT in presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy?

Debets

Sadzot

Isselt

et al. 1997

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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Objective-To determine the contribution of 58FDG PET, "IC-flumazenil PET, and 123I-iomazenil SPECT to the presurgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures. Methods-Presurgical evaluation was performed in 23 patients, who were considered candidates for temporal lobe resective surgery (14 females and nine males with a median age of 34 (range 13 to 50) years).The presurgical diagnosis was based on seizure semiology as demonstrated with ictal video recording, ictal and interictal scalp EEG recordings, and MRI. Results-Eighteen patients had convergent findings in clinical semiology, interictal and ictal EEG with scalp and sphenoidal electrodes, and MRI that warranted surgery without depth EEG (DEEG). In five patients with insufficient precision of localisation, DEEG with intracerebral and subdural electrodes was performed. MRI showed abnormalities in 22 out of 23 patients. Of these 22, 18 had mesial temporal sclerosis. This was limited to the mesial temporal lobe in four and more widespread in the temporal lobe in 14 patients. In one patient only enlargement of the temporal horn was found and in three others only white matter lesions were detected. 18FDG PET showed a large area of glucose hypometabolism in the epileptogenic temporal lobe, with an extension outside the temporal lobe in 10 of 23 patients. Only in one of these patients DEEG showed extratemporal abnormalities that were concordant with a significant extratemporal extension of hypometabolism in 18FDG PET. 55FDGPET was compared with the results of scalp EEG: in none of the patients was an anterior temporal ictal onset in scalp EEG related to a maximum hypometabolism in the mesial temporal area. By contrast, the region of abnormality indicated by 55C-flumazenil PET was much more restricted, also when compared with DEEG findings. Extension of abnormality outside the lobe of surgery was seen in only two patients with "IC-flumazenil and was less pronounced compared with the intratemporal abnormality. Both 18FDGPET and "IC-flumazenil PET reliably indicated the epileptogenic temporal lobe.

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Section: Comparison Between Pet and Spectsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Mrimentioning

confidence: 92%

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Is 11C-flumazenil PET superior to 18FDG PET and 123I-iomazenil SPECT in presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy?

Debets

Sadzot

Isselt

et al. 1997

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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“…Recent evidence in animal models of epileptogenesis and in patients with pharmacoresistant seizures have demonstrated that both the extent and regional pattern of glial cell activation can be imaged non-invasively: astrocyte activation can be monitored by measuring specific metabolites using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) [26] or monoamine oxidase(MAO)-B by positron emission tomography (PET) [27][28][29], while microglia/macrophage activation can be measured by PET imaging of translocator protein 18 (TSPO) [30][31][32]. In particular, 1 H-MRS is an in vivo imaging technique which allows area-specific detection and quantification of myo-inositol (mIns), a sugar alcohol found predominantly in astrocytes [26], which represents a quantifiable indicator of reactive astrogliosis [33,34].…”

Section: Non-invasive Imaging Of Brain Astrocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of Epileptogenesis: The Focus on Glia and Cognitive Dysfunctions

2017

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The need to find measures that reliably predict the onset of epilepsy after injurious events or how the patient will respond to anti-seizure drugs led to intensive pre-clinical and clinical research to discover non-invasive biomarkers that could increase the sensitivity of existing clinical indicators. The use of experimental models of epileptogenesis and of drug-resistance is instrumental to select the most promising approaches to explore such biomarkers in the pre-clinical setting for further clinical validation. The approaches most frequently used to find clinically useful biomarkers of epileptogenesis include molecular brain imaging, EEG signal analysis and the measure of soluble molecules in biofluids which may reflect brain intrinsic events involved in epilepsy development. Among those, we focused our attention on proton magnetic resonance imaging (H-MRS)-based analysis of astrocytic activation, and related blood biomarkers, since this cell population appears to be pivotally involved in various epileptogenesis processes triggered by differing insults. Moreover, we also investigated behavioral biomarkers by focusing on cognitive dysfunctions since this deficit represents a typical co-morbidity in epilepsy which may manifest even before the onset of spontaneous seizures. In this review article, we will report our recently published evidence supporting the utility of measuring astrocyte activation, the soluble molecules they release, and the associated cognitive deficits during epileptogenesis for early stratification of animals developing epilepsy. We will discuss the potential clinical translation of our findings for enriching the patient population in preventive clinical trials designed to study anti-epileptogenic treatments.

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“…Available data suggest that there is endogenous opioid release during the ictal phase, resulting in reduced receptor availability and reduced tracer binding, followed by low levels of endogenous opioids, resulting in increased receptor availability and therefore increased tracer binding. Similarly, the level of monoamine oxidase B has been found to be both high (58) and low (59) in temporal lobe epilepsy. Although significantly reduced dopamine receptor binding has been reported in the epileptogenic temporal lobe in temporal lobe epilepsy (60), no binding alterations were found with PET using 11 C-verapamil, a p-glycoprotein substrate (61).…”

Section: Temporal and Extratemporal Lobe Epilepsy Pet Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Radionuclide Imaging in Epilepsy, Part 1: Sporadic Temporal and Extratemporal Lobe Epilepsy

Kumar

Chugani

2017

J. Nucl. Med. Technol.

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CE credit: For CE credit, you can access the test for this article, as well as additional JNMT CE tests, online at https://www.snmmilearningcenter.org. Complete the test online no later than March 2020. Your online test will be scored immediately. You may make 3 attempts to pass the test and must answer 80% of the questions correctly to receive 1.0 CEH (Continuing Education Hour) credit. SNMMI members will have their CEH credit added to their VOICE transcript automatically; nonmembers will be able to print out a CE certificate upon successfully completing the test. The online test is free to SNMMI members; nonmembers must pay $15.00 by credit card when logging onto the website to take the test.Epilepsy is one of the most common yet diverse neurologic disorders, affecting almost 1%-2% of the population. Presently, radionuclide imaging such as PET and SPECT is not used in the primary diagnosis or evaluation of recent-onset epilepsy. However, it can play a unique and important role in certain specific situations, such as in noninvasive presurgical localization of epileptogenic brain regions in intractable-seizure patients being considered for epilepsy surgery. Radionuclide imaging can be particularly useful if MR imaging is either negative for lesions or shows several lesions of which only 1 or 2 are suspected to be epileptogenic and if electroencephalogram changes are equivocal or discordant with the structural imaging. Similarly, PET and SPECT can also be useful for evaluating the functional integrity of the rest of the brain and may provide useful information on the possible pathogenesis of the neurocognitive and behavioral abnormalities frequently observed in these patients. Present ly, nuclear medicine imaging such as PET and SPECT is not used in the primary diagnosis or evaluation of recent-onset epilepsy. However, it can play a unique and important role in certain specific situations. Almost a fourth of epileptic patients do not respond to medical treatment and develop intractable seizures. PET and SPECT can play a significant role in such patients by its ability to noninvasively localize epileptogenic brain regions before surgery. PET and SPECT do not play much of a role in localization when structural lesions visible on MR imaging are concordant with electrophysiologic and clinical data. However, many patients may have no visible brain lesion on CT or MR imaging, particularly children less than 2 y old, in whom some cortical malformations may be poorly visualized or missed completely because of immature myelination and poor gray matter-white matter differentiation. This limitation is significant, considering that these abnormalities constitute a major cause of epilepsy in children. Similarly, patients may have multiple structural lesions of which only 1 or 2 are epileptogenic, may have seizures arising far from the lesion, or may have discordant or inconclusive electroencephalogram findings. PET and SPECT can be useful in such cases by identifying the epileptogenic regions and guiding the subsequent subdur...

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In Vitro Quantitative Autoradiography of [³H]‐L‐Deprenyl and [³H]‐PK 11195 Binding Sites in Human Epileptic Hippocampus

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Is 11C-flumazenil PET superior to 18FDG PET and 123I-iomazenil SPECT in presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy?

Is 11C-flumazenil PET superior to 18FDG PET and 123I-iomazenil SPECT in presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy?

Biomarkers of Epileptogenesis: The Focus on Glia and Cognitive Dysfunctions

The Role of Radionuclide Imaging in Epilepsy, Part 1: Sporadic Temporal and Extratemporal Lobe Epilepsy

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In Vitro Quantitative Autoradiography of [3H]‐L‐Deprenyl and [3H]‐PK 11195 Binding Sites in Human Epileptic Hippocampus

Cited by 48 publications

References 29 publications

Is 11C-flumazenil PET superior to 18FDG PET and 123I-iomazenil SPECT in presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy?

Is 11C-flumazenil PET superior to 18FDG PET and 123I-iomazenil SPECT in presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy?

Biomarkers of Epileptogenesis: The Focus on Glia and Cognitive Dysfunctions

The Role of Radionuclide Imaging in Epilepsy, Part 1: Sporadic Temporal and Extratemporal Lobe Epilepsy

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Product

Resources

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In Vitro Quantitative Autoradiography of [³H]‐L‐Deprenyl and [³H]‐PK 11195 Binding Sites in Human Epileptic Hippocampus