In Vitro Regeneration of Capparis spinosa L. by Using a Temporary Immersion System

Abstract

Three caper (Capparis spinosa L.) biotypes grown on the Sicilian island of Salina (38°33′49″ N) were micropropagated to evaluate two different in vitro culture systems: one using the traditional solid medium, and the other based on liquid culture in a PlantForm bioreactor. PlantForm is a temporary immersion system (TIS), a new propagation method in which the shoots undergo temporary immersion in a liquid medium in order to avoid the accumulation of gas through forced ventilation. This study proposes a protocol to improve the efficiency of in vitro propagation of caper plants, while also reducing production costs, because of the elimination of the gelling agent, and manual labor, requiring limited subcultures and posing minimal contamination risks. Our results show that the caper shoots propagated in bioreactors demonstrated good adaptability and better growth rates than those grown in the conventional system. Statistically significant differences were observed between plants grown in the PlantForm liquid culture and those grown in solid medium regarding the number and length of shoots, which were further promoted by the addition of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The relative growth and real proliferation rate of the caper explants were higher when using meta-Topolin than when using 6-benzylaminopurine as a PGR. Overall, the TIS improved in vitro caper culture by promoting the proliferation, length, and vigor of the shoots.

In Vitro Rooting of Capparis spinosa L. as Affected by Genotype and by the Proliferation Method Adopted During the Multiplication Phase

“…The present study offers an interpretation of the variability of the results available in the literature as to be related to the different rooting attitude showed by different genotypes and confirms previous observations carried out on the same accessions about their different adaptation to in vitro regeneration phase [27].…”

“…In the present study, we only used microcuttings proceeding from microshoots previously proliferated in mT and therefore carry-over effect, if any, should be attributed to the type (liquid or solid) of the medium. It therefore cannot be ruled out that the differences in rooting efficiency we observed in the present study between liquid and solid media could be attributed to the influence exerted by the TIS which proved to promote not only proliferation but also length and vigor of the shoots due to a higher relative growth rate, compared to the solid medium system [27]. Similarly, Gentile and coworkers [35], working with Prunus rootstocks, reported for at least one genotype a higher rooting percentage when the culture was proliferated in mT before the rooting induction.…”

“…Plant material for in vitro rooting trials was obtained from 12-year-old plants of three Sicilian biotypes of C. spinosa L.-'Sal 39', 'Sal 37', and 'Sal 35'-recently selected for their bio-agronomic value, and commercially grown on the Aeolian island of Salina (38 • 33 49" N). The shoot explants for rooting were obtained following a multiplication phase of nodal segment shoots (1 cm in length) both on a solid substrate or on a liquid substrate in bioreactor (TIS), on a culture medium containing 1.5 mg L −1 meta-Topolin + 0.05 mg L −1 IBA, as previously described elsewhere [27].…”

Technology of caper (capparis spinosa) seed preparation for cultivation and cultural growth

“…Capers plant (Capparis spinosa) grows wild in steppe and desert regions. Although this plant has a history of 2700 years, detailed information about it was not given enough in the literature [1,2]. The technology of its cultivation, use and processing in the processing industry of its products has not been studied This species plant is found in the countries of Georgia and Azarbaydjon from the Commonwealth countries, in small areas France, Spain, Italy and North America, and is known from certain sources of preparation of various products from them [3,5].…”

“…The technology of its cultivation, use and processing in the processing industry of its products has not been studied This species plant is found in the countries of Georgia and Azarbaydjon from the Commonwealth countries, in small areas France, Spain, Italy and North America, and is known from certain sources of preparation of various products from them [3,5]. In folk medicine, all parts of this species of plant have been used for the treatment of various diseases [1,4]. With the development of medicine and the development and use of modern techniques and chemical drugs, there was no need for such natural medicinal plants [6,7].…”