In vitro response of dental pulp stem cells in 3D scaffolds: A regenerative bone material

Abstract

Three-dimensional-porous scaffolds of bone graft substitutes play a critical role in both cell targeting and transplantation strategies. These scaffolds provide surfaces that facilitate the response of stem cells related to attachment, survival, migration, proliferation, and differentiation.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro behavior of human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells cultured on scaffolds of polylactic/polyglycolic acid with and without hydroxyapatite.MethodWe performed an in vitro experimental study using dental pulp stem cells obtained from samples of premolars, molars. The cells were cultured on scaffolds with osteogenic differentiation medium. Cell proliferation, adhesion and cell differentiation to an osteoblastic linage in the biomaterial were evaluated at three different time points: 7, 15 and 30 days. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. Analysis of the data was performed with the Split Plot block and MANOVA model.ResultsThe differentiation capability of hDPSCs towards the osteoblast lineage was better in the scaffold of PLGA/HA at 7, 15 and 30 days, as indicated by the high expression of osteogenic markers RUNX2, ALP, OPN and COL-I, compared with differentiation in the PLGA scaffold. No statistically significant differences were found in cell adhesion between the two types of scaffolds.ConclusionThe PLGA/HA scaffold provided better physical and chemical signals, as judged by the ability of dental pulp stem cells to adhere, proliferate and differentiate toward the osteogenic lineage.

Dental stem cells: The role of biomaterials and scaffolds in developing novel therapeutic strategies

“…Furthermore, a combination of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid with ceramics is usually used to enhance biomimetic potential and promote bone regeneration[ 161 ]. An in vitro study has revealed that human dental pulp SCs adhesion and proliferation, as well as their differentiation toward the osteogenic lineage, are significantly improved when seeded in hydroxyapatite (a member of the calcium phosphate-based bioceramics) and poly-lactide-co-glycolide[ 162 ]. Implantation of human DSCs seeded in beta-tri-calcium phosphate scaffolds exerted an anti-inflammatory effect and restored periodontal hard tissue defects[ 163 ].…”

Effect of different exposure times on physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of PGS scaffolds treated with plasma of iodine-doped polypyrrole

“…Notably, it was also reported that pore sizes between 100 and 200 µm have shown to be more suitable for the hDPSCs growth. 43,44 It is well known that hDPSCs are promising cellular sources for bone healing. 45 In this respect, Gu et al.…”

“…47 In this regard, the films treated for 12, 18, 24 and 30 minutes showed lower contact angle values when compared with the untreated films, which can be attributed to hygroscopic nature of the iodine, =NH-, and NH groups created during plasma treatment. 44,48…”

Comparative evaluation of osteogenic differentiation potential of stem cells derived from dental pulp and exfoliated deciduous teeth cultured over granular hydroxyapatite based scaffold

“…Asutay et al [ 4 ] and Khanna Jain et al [ 5 ] have reported that DPSC have significant osteogenic differentiation ability for bone regeneration. They have a great role in tissue engineering because of their ability to be cryopreserved, attach with many scaffolds, low morbidity after collection and anti-inflammatory abilities [ 6 ]. DPSC is an alternative source of bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) for bone regeneration since it shows a higher proliferation and osteogenic potential as compared with BMSC [ 7 ].…”