In vitro root induction improvement by culture in darkness for different globe artichoke cultivars

Effects of Various Growth Regulators on in Vitro Rooting of Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)

“…Because of lower or negative effects on rooting, IBA among the hormones used in rhizogenesis was scarcely used in artichoke. Lopez-Perez and Martinez [9] reported that rooting rates varied from 73.3% to 93.3% depending on cultivars, when 5 d darkness treatment on MS medium supplemented with 6 mg/L IBA. They emphasized that IBA in the culture medium without darkness treatment could be inadequate in rooting.…”

“…Because the root induction in vitro in artichoke is the critical stage, several investigations have been conducted on different cultivars and different growth regulators, such as indoleacetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), gibberellin (GA 3 ) in combination with/without activated charcoal (AC) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. According to previous researches, the success in root induction stage depends on genotype [7][8][9], and genotype specific protocols should be determined. López-Pérez and Martínez [9] reported that the in vitro rooting was still the main subject to investigate especially in early artichoke cultivars mainly grown the Mediterranean region.…”

“…According to previous researches, the success in root induction stage depends on genotype [7][8][9], and genotype specific protocols should be determined. López-Pérez and Martínez [9] reported that the in vitro rooting was still the main subject to investigate especially in early artichoke cultivars mainly grown the Mediterranean region.…”

A Protocol for Producing Virus-Free Artichoke Genetic Resources for Conservation, Breeding, and Production

“…The high rate of contamination observed were probably due to vascular fungi localized internally. This initial loss of explants was offset by a high multiplication rate that was considered satisfactory and in the range of 3.7-4.8 new shoots per explant obtained in other studies ( [22] and references quoted therein). Based on previous experience [23], we did not proceed with further subcultures to reduce the risk for the induction of "pastel variants" and loss of earliness [24] for the early-flowering ecotypes.…”

“…In our tests, a substantially balanced of auxin/cytokinin in PM1 and PM2 produced a satisfactory rate of root and shoot regeneration for all the ecotypes. López-Pérez and Martínez [22] observed a higher root induction rate of globe artichoke when a high concentration of IBA in the culture medium associated with 5 days of darkness was used to induce the rhizogenesis. In our conditions a high auxin concentration in RM steps favored rhizogenesis whereas 5 days of darkness did not induce any ameliorative effect.…”