In Vitro Rumen Fermentation of Coconut, Sugar Palm, and Durian Peel Silages, Prepared with Selected Additives

Abstract

Understanding the nutritive values of fruit peel residues could expand our feed atlas in sustaining livestock production systems. This study aimed to investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), cellulase enzyme, molasses, and their combinations on the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of coconut peel (CCP), sugar palm peel (SPP), and durian peel (DRP) silage. The CCP, SPP, and DRP were ensiled in a small-scale silo without additive (control), and with LAB strain TH14 (TH14), molasses, or Acremonium cellulase (AC) using a small-scale silage preparation technique according to a completely randomized design. All fresh peels had sufficient factors for ensiling such as moisture content (78–83%), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC, 4.20–4.61% dry matter (DM)), and epiphytic LAB population (104–105 colony-forming units (cfu)/g fresh matter (FM)). However, aerobic bacteria counts were high (107–109 cfu/g FM). The fiber content of these fruit peels was high, with lignin abundances ranging from 9.1–21.8% DM and crude protein was low (2.7–5.4% DM). After ensiling, the pH values of the silage were optimal (≤4.25) and lower (p < 0.01) for SPP silage. The addition of molasses+TH14, molasses+AC, and molasses+TH14+AC has the potential to enhance fermentation characteristics and improve chemical composition. Silages treated with molasses alone improved the in vitro digestibility of tropical fruit peels. The residue of tropical fruits has the potential to be used as an alternative feed source for ruminants. Adding molasses, TH14, and AC during silage preparation could improve its nutritive value and digestibility.

Assessment of the Impact of Coffee Waste as an Alternative Feed Supplementation on Rumen Fermentation and Methane Emissions in an In Vitro Study

“…Furthermore, appropriate processing methods (such as ensiling) need to be determined to mitigate any negative effects of compounds on animal performance and nutrient utilization. Large quantities of high-moisture by-products are produced in many countries, including Japan; therefore, there is the need to develop technologies to design superior animal feed using SCW and enable the long-term storage of the resulting silage [15,16]. In Japan, there is an increasing interest in making silage by mixing wet and dry by-products, which offers a number of advantages, such as the reduced risk of effluent production, stabilized rumen function and extended storage periods [15].…”

“…The addition of lactic acid and soybean curd to silage when ensiling it with fresh grass or certain vegetable residues can improve fermentation quality. Moreover, when mixed with silage, these additives can also increase dry matter digestibility and reduce ruminal CH 4 production [16,17]. Therefore, the objective of this in vitro study was to assess the impact of using raw or ensiled SCW as a feed additive or a partial replacement for the basal components (hay or concentrate) in ruminant diets on rumen fermentation profiles and CH 4 production.…”