In Vitro Screening of the Apatite-Forming Ability, Biointeractivity and Physical Properties of a Tricalcium Silicate Material for Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry

Abstract

Aim: Calcium silicate-based materials are hydraulic self-setting materials with physico-chemical properties suitable for endodontic surgery and good biological/clinical outcomes. The study aim was to evaluate the bio-properties (biointeractivity and apatite-forming ability) and selected physical properties (porosity, water sorption, solubility, and setting time) of Biodentine, a tricalcium silicate material for endodontics and restorative dentistry, compared to that of ProRoot MTA (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate) as gold standard material. Methods: Biodentine and ProRoot MTA pastes were prepared and analyzed for calcium release and alkalinizing activity (3 h–28 days), setting time, water sorption, porosity, solubility, surface microstructure and composition, and apatite-forming ability in simulated body fluid. Results: Biodentine showed higher calcium release, alkalinizing activity, and solubility but higher open and apparent porosity, water sorption, and a markedly shorter setting time. Calcium phosphate (CaP) deposits were noted on material surfaces after short ageing times. A CaP coating composed of spherulites was detected after 28 days. The thickness, continuity, and Ca/P ratio of the coating differed markedly between the materials. Biodentine showed a coating composed by denser but smaller spherulites, while ProRoot MTA showed large but less dense aggregates of spherulitic deposits. Conclusions: Biodentine showed a pronounced ability to release calcium and extended alkalinizing activity interlinked with its noticeable porosity, water sorption, and solubility: open porosities provide a broad wet biointeractive surface for the release of the calcium and hydroxyl ions involved in the formation of a CaP mineral. Biodentine is a biointeractive tricalcium silicate material with interesting chemical-physical properties and represents a fast-setting alternative to the conventional calcium silicate MTA-like cements

External Inflammatory Root Resorption: Management of a Tooth with hopeless Prognosis

“…The calcium hydroxide ions stimulate the release of pyrophosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and bone morphogenetic protein 2, which enhances mineralization. 23 This biointeractive material is a fast-setting alternative to conventional calcium silicate mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-like cement and does not require a two-step obturation unlike MTA. It also has a better consistency after mixing and offers ease of placement.…”

“…It also has a better consistency after mixing and offers ease of placement. 23 Zhou et al 24 have stated that this material can be safely used in procedures requiring close approximation with the periodontal tissue. Two percent chlorhexidine was used as irrigant as it is placed to be more effective against Enterococcus faecalis than sodium hypochlorite.…”

Surgical Endodontic Management of External Root Resorption and Apexification Using New Calcium Silicate-Based Materials

“…Apexification followed by reinforcement of weakened root structures with fiber post is viable option [20].…”

Revisión del estado actual de resinas compuestas bulk-fill

“…The initial curing reaction takes about 12 m. 41 However, impedance spectroscopy has shown that the reaction continues for up to 14 days. 42 The study of Villat et al suggests that the complete hydration reaction of this silicate is much slower than that observed in the acid-base reaction of glass ionomer cements, concluding that this reaction could continue for months, extending ion exchange, decreasing porosity, and increasing the material's mechanical properties.…”

“…40,41 La reacción de fraguado inicial toma aproximadamente 12 m. 41 Sin embargo, por espectroscopia de impedancia se ha podido observar que la reacción continúa ocurriendo por hasta 14 días. 42 El estudio de Villat y colaboradores sugiere que la reacción completa de hidratación de este silicato es mucho más lenta que la observada en la reacción ácido-base de cementos de vidrio ionómero, por lo que concluyen que esta reacción podría continuar por meses, extendiendo el intercambio iónico, disminuyendo la porosidad y aumentando las propiedades mecánicas del material.…”