In vitro selection of resistant mutant garlic lines by using crude pathogen culture filtrate of Sclerotium cepivorum

Abstract

In vitro treatment of tissue cultures of two garlic cultivars with crude culture filtrates from Sclerotium cepivorium was used to select somaclonal variants with enhanced resistance to white rot disease. The crude culture filtrate had a negative effect on callus induction and growth. It also inhibited the differentiation of adventitious buds. The inhibitory effects were greater at higher culture filtrate concentration. With increase in concentration of crude pathogen culture filtrate, rate of callus induction, callus survival, relative growth rate of callus, callus differentiation and number of divided shoots per callus decreased. The inhibitory effect for all the parameters was more visible when crude pathogen culture filtrate was used at 50% concentration or more. However, the performance of disease resistant cultivar Hangzhong Red Skin was better than Gailiang (disease susceptible cultivar) at higher concentrations of crude pathogen culture filtrate. Some somaclonal lines and plantlets (predominantly from Hangzhong Red Skin) that showed resistance to Sclerotium cepivorum were obtained at 50% concentration level of crude pathogen culture filtrate.

<i>In vitro </i>technique for selecting onion for white rot disease resistance

“…These bulbs were subjected to field challenges caused by Allium white rot(Sclerotium cepivorum). However, utilising in vitro selection techniques for obtaining potentially diseaseresistance plants has been demonstrated in a number of economically important crop plants (Jayasankar and Gray, 2003;Savita et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012;Ravaei et al, 2015). In conclusion, results of this research clearly demonstrate that the gradual incremental addition of oxalic acid concentration to onion calli media acts as a selection pressure for the production of tolerant onion lines and that 3 mM OA is the optimum concentration for the initiation (gradually adaptation) of the production protocol.…”

Efficiency assessment of the antifungal metabolites from Sclerotium cepivorum against onion white rot disease

“…Similarly, secondary metabolites of Chaetomium globosum inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germination of Setosphaeria turcica and culture filtrates (20 %) completely suppressed disease incidence of northern corn leaf blight (Zhang et al 2013). Likewise, the microbial metabolites have been used as an effective way of plant mutation selection or breeding in both the fertile plants like garlic (Zhang et al 2012), tomato (Zhang et al 2000), eggplant (Zhao et al 2006), sunflower (Rao and Ramgoapl 2010), Pelargonium graveolens plants (Saxenaa et al 2008), Citrus jambhiri (Savita et al 2011) and the sterile or asexual propagated plants such as potato (Cheng and Xing 2005), sugarcane (Sengar et al 2009) and chrysanthemum .…”

In vitro induction of tetraploid garlic with trifluralin

“…However, it is asexually propagated from cloves because of the sterile flowers, which are totally or partly replaced by bulbils (McCollum, 1987). Some attempts in garlic breeding have been reported (Guo and Xian, 2011), such as flower developing research (Kamenetsky and Rabinowitch, 2001), collection and induction of fertile garlic germplasms (Simon and Jenderekm, 2003), the production of transgenic garlic plants by organogenesis (Myers and Simon, 1998) or embryoenesis (Al-Zahim et al, 1999), mutant garlic lines selection by using crude pathogen filtrate (Zhang et al, 2012) and crossing garlic with onion (Yamashita et al, 2002) and leek (Yanagino et al, 2003). However, up to now, no surmounting breeding method has been established.…”

“…Garlic callus cultured for 15 days on medium containing 100 μM trifluralin gave the highest rate of chromosome doubling. Through observation of chromosome number in the root apical cells and the morphology ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Genetics and Molecular Research 11 (3): 2620-2628(2012 Induction of tetraploid garlic with trifluralin 2621 of guard cells on the leaf epidermis of the regenerated plantlets, it was clear that chromosome number variation was induced and tetraploids were produced in vitro by trifluralin treatment. …”