In Vitro Sensitivity of
            <i>Salmonella</i>
            to Ten Antimicrobial Agents Including Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim, Alone and in Combination

Marks, Melvin I.; Kazemi, Mohammad Javad; Mackay, E.

doi:10.1128/aac.4.5.555

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…High-level resistance to chloramphenicol and ampicillin remains in the 2 to 3% range, comparable to the data of Finland et al (2), but much less than the 16 to 33% range reported in other areas not involved in an epidemic of chloramphenicolresistant strains. Of note is the emergence of aminoglycoside resistance (7%), which has not been seen by other investigators (1)(2)(3). This decreased susceptibility to aminoglycosides is also found in the group of "non-typhi" strains, which showed up to 30% resistance to the maximum achievable serum levels.…”

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confidence: 67%

In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmonellae

Barros

Korzeniowski

Sande

et al. 1977

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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In vitro antibiotic susceptibilities were determined for 101 strains of salmonellae. Resistance to chloramphenicol and ampicillin was low. Cefamandole was active against the majority of strains and deserves further evaluation.The recent identification of chloramphenicol and multiple drug-resistant salmonella epidemics has generated increased interest in the overall drug sensitivities of these organisms in various localities as well as a search for alternate drug therapy when such resistant strains are identified (4, 5). Cefamandole, a new parenteral cephalosporin prepared by substitution of heterocyclic groups on 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, has been shown to have a marked effect on a small number of strains of Salmonella typhi in vitro. To evaluate the potential usefulness of this antibiotic, 101 strains of salmonella, isolated in Salvador, Brazil, were tested in vitro to a variety of antibiotics currently in use or under investigation.Strains studied. The 101 strains of salmonella used in our evaluations were isolated from patients at the Hospital Professor Edgard Santos and the Hospital Couto Maia from 1972 to 1975. Both hospitals are referral centers for patients with suspected or proven typhoid fever and other infectious diseases. The salmonella strains were collected randomly in an area where typhoid fever is endemic, and no epidemic outbreak was documented during the period of collection. Serotyping was performed on isolation and reconfirmed prior to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Of 59 strains of group D S. typhi, 53 were recovered from blood, 4 from stools, and 2 from cerebralspinal fluid. Of the remaining 42 "non-typhi" salmonella strains, 22 were recovered from blood, and 20 were isolated from stool, cerebralspinal fluid, urine, or synovial fluid.Antimicrobial testing. The minimum inhibitory concentration for each drug was determined by serial twofold dilutions in Trypticase soy broth with freshly prepared solutions of chloramphenicol, ampicillin, carbenicillin, tetracycline, tobramycin, gentamicin, cefamandole (Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Ind.), and BLP-1761 (an ester of hetacillin, Bristol Laboratories, Syracuse, N.Y.). An inoculum of 104 organisms was added to each tube. After 24 h of incubation, samples were taken from all tubes with no visible growth and were plated on Trypticase soy agar to determine minimum bactericidal concentrations. Strains of S. typhi ( Fig. 1) were, in general, more susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested than the "nontyphi" strains (Fig. 2). Cefamandole was the most active drug by weight, with 100% of S. typhi strains inhibited by 1.56 gg/ml or less (Fig. la). This is in contrast to other cephalosporins previously tested (1, 2). Ninety-seven percent of S. typhi strains was inhibited by BLP-1761 at a concentration of 3.1 g.g/ml as opposed to 90% for ampicillin. Carbenicillin was the least active of the penicillin derivatives.Chloramphenicol inhibited 97% of S. typhi strains with concentrations of less than 12.5 gg/ml (Fig. lb). Ninety-three percent of the s...

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confidence: 67%

In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmonellae

Barros

Korzeniowski

Sande

et al. 1977

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Particular interest has focused on the genus Salmonella, and the antimicrobial resistance pattern and presence of R-plasmids in these bacteria have been studied (Anderson & Lewis, 1965;Schroeder, Terry & Bennett, 1968;Winshell et al 1970;Pocurull, Gaines & Mercer, 1971;Marks, Kazemi & McKay, 1973;Bissett, Abbott & Wood, 1974;Neu et al 1975;Voogd et al 1973Voogd et al , 1977Duck et al 1978).…”

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confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance among salmonella isolates from hospitals in Rome

Falbo

Caprioli

Mondello

et al. 1982

J. Hyg.

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The susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of 569 salmonella isolated collected in 1977-8 from patients in hospitals in Rome was tested. Fifty-nine per cent of all isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. Resistance was most common to sulphathiazole, tetracycline, streptomycin, whereas colistin, gentamicin, tobramycin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and nalidixic acid were the most active in vitro. Multiple resistance was most frequently found in strains of Salmonella wien and S. typhimurium (94% and 38% respectively). A significant change in the resistance pattern of S. wien was observed between 1977 and 1978, with a significant increase of susceptibility to some antimicrobials in 1978. Twenty-one R-plasmids transmissible to E. coli K12 were derived from 46 resistant strains of S. typhimurum.

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“…For (17). Results were read after 24 h of incubation at 37°C, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was defined as the lowest concentration of drugs that exhibited no growth, except SA and TMP-SMZ, for which the MIC was defined as the lowest concentration of drugs inhibiting confluent growth of large colonies (10). Strains that grew in media containing 12.5 (Table 2).…”

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Drug Resistance and R Plasmids in Salmonella typhi Isolated in Korea

Chun

Seol

Cho

et al. 1977

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A total of 949 strains of Salmonella typhi isolated in Korea from 1968 to 1975 were tested for drug resistance and distribution of R plasmids. Resistance was mostly restricted to streptomycin (SM) and sulfisomidine (SA), singly or in combination, at a low degree. A small number of strains (1.5%) were resistant to four or more drugs: chloramphenicol (CM), tetracycline (TC), SM, SA, ampicillin (AP), and kanamycin (KM). No strain was resistant to nalidixic acid or to a 1:20 mixture of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Nor was there any strain singly resistant to CM, TC, AP, or KM. Transfer experiments of multiple-drug resistance to Escherichia coli ML1410 showed that all the strains resistant to four or more drugs carried R plasmids, whereas those weakly resistant to three or less drugs did not. The quadruply resistant strains carried one R plasmid determining CM, TC, SM, and SA resistance, and sextuply resistant ones carried two plasmids, one determining CM, TC, SM, and SA resistance and the other determining AP and KM resistance. One strain carrying a plasmid determining AP and KM resistance was also found. The transfer frequency of CM, TC, SM, and SA resistance was much higher than that of AP and KM resistance. The resistance of S. typhi was more efficiently transferred to E. coli at 25°C than at 37°C.

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In Vitro Sensitivity of Salmonella to Ten Antimicrobial Agents Including Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim, Alone and in Combination

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmonellae

In Vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmonellae

Antimicrobial resistance among salmonella isolates from hospitals in Rome

Drug Resistance and R Plasmids in Salmonella typhi Isolated in Korea

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