In vitro shoot production, morphological alterations and genetic instability of Melocactus glaucescens (Cactaceae), an endangered species endemic to eastern Brazil

Torres-Silva, Gabriela; Resende, Sheila Vitória; Lima-Brito, Alone; Bezerra, Hédina Basile; Santana, José Raniere Ferreira de; Schnadelbach, Alessandra Selbach

doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2018.01.001

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Si bien, hay especies de cactáceas en las que el número de brotes es mayor como Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele laussori con 13.6 brotes por explante (Pérez-Molphe-Balch et al, 2012), 22.4 brotes por explante en la especie Mammillaria schiedeana schideana (Soria-Campos et al, 2013) o 24 brotes por explante en Selenicereus grandiflorus (Fontes et al, 2010), existen otras en las que el número de brotes es similar al obtenido en E. parryi. Por ejemplo, 3.3 brotes por explante en Pelecyphora acelliformis (Giusti et al, 2002), 2.5 Melocactus glaucescens (Torres-Silva et al, 2018) o incluso menor, 1.4 en la especie Mammillaria matildae (García-Rubio y Malda-Barrera, 2010). Las diferencias en la respuesta parecen deberse a que cada especie requiere un balance adecuado de auxinas y citocininas para promover el correcto crecimiento y diferenciación celular (Machado y Prioli, 1996;Lema-Ruminska y Kulus, 2014).…”

Section: Inducción De Brotesunclassified

Influencia del Ca2+, pH, agar y reguladores de crecimiento en la propagación in vitro de Echinocactus parryi (Engelm)

García-González

Santos-Díaz

Márgez

et al. 2020

Terra

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Echinocactus parryi, es una especie amenazada y endémica del municipio de Juárez, Chihuahua, México que presenta importantes limitantes para su propagación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto de los reguladores de crecimiento, concentración de calcio (Ca2+), pH del medio y concentración de gelificante en la respuesta morfogenética de E. parryi. Las semillas se germinaron en medio de Murashige y Skoog (MS) al 25% de la concentración de sus sales (¼ MS). Los epicotilos se cultivaron en posición invertida en medios con diferentes concentraciones de 6-bencilaminopurina (BAP) (0-10 mg L-1), ácido indol-3-acético (AIA) (0-0.5 mg L-1), pH 5.7 y 8, Ca2+ (13.2µM y 26.4 µM) y agar (7 y 10 g L-1). La mayor formación de brotes (2.9 brotes por explante) se obtuvo en medio MS con 2 mg L-1 de BAP combinado con AIA 0.5 mg L-1, 13.2 µM de Ca2+, pH 8 y 7 g L-1 de agar a los 120 días. Los brotes generados se transfirieron a medio MS con ácido 2,3,5 tri-iodobenzoico (TIBA) (0, 0.5, 1 y 2 mg L-1) para inducir la formación de raíz. El mayor enraizamiento (70.5%) se obtuvo en medio con 0.5 mg L-1 de TIBA. La sobrevivencia de las plantas fue del 58% a los 5 meses. Este es el primer reporte que describe la regeneración in vitro de E. parryi y constituye un avance importante para su propagación y conservación.

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Section: Inducción De Brotesunclassified

Influencia del Ca2+, pH, agar y reguladores de crecimiento en la propagación in vitro de Echinocactus parryi (Engelm)

García-González

Santos-Díaz

Márgez

et al. 2020

Terra

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“…Furthermore, it is important to create complementary initiatives, such as ex situ conservation (MMA 1992), considering their viability and simplicity to maintain a species (Cohen et al 1991). Some studies have already been carried out for endangered species of cacti examining conservation initiatives such as micropropagation in vitro (Marchi 2016;Palacios et al 2016;Civatti et al 2017a;Torres-Silva et al 2018), living collections (Hultine et al 2016;Cavalcante et al 2017) and seed storage (Civatti et al 2015;Nascimento & Meiado 2016;Santos et al 2018); these works are crucial to facilitate future studies and to protect the species from extinction.…”

Section: Conservation Of D Zehntneri Subsp Petr-halfarimentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic evidence of multiple reproductive strategies in a microendemic and threatened cactus (Cactaceae: Discocactus Pfeiff) in Bahia, Brazil

et al. 2019

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Discocactus zehntneri subsp. petr-halfari, an endangered taxon, is represented by a single population in an anthropized area of Bahia, Brazil, where it is suffering due to extreme extractivism. Thus, information about this cactus, such as its reproductive patterns, is urgently needed to support conservation strategies. A population genetics approach was used to determine if this subspecies has a preferential pattern of reproduction. We sampled 18 individuals, both with and without connection to parental plants, from five clumps and assessed their diversity and genetic structure using five ISSR markers. The results revealed two clumps that are genetically supported by the presence of genetically equal individuals. The other three groups presented individuals that are genetically different and similar to individuals in other clumps. These findings suggest that this subspecies has sexual and clonal reproduction and that its environmental distribution might be shaped by events of dispersion. In addition, a possible hybrid origin may explain its rates of genetic diversity. Despite all these factors, this taxon is in danger and so the development of conservation strategies to preserve its population are urgently needed, including in situ and ex situ actions such as the micropropagation in vitro, living collections and cryopreservation.

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“…This limits opportunities for vegetative propagation, making them particularly susceptible to overharvesting during the removal of whole specimens from their natural populations for commercialization as ornamental plants ( Goettsch et al, 2015 ; Pérez-Molphe-Balch et al, 2015 ). This has led to the development of conservation strategies that rely on in vitro propagation of Melocactus species ( Resende et al, 2010 ; Torres-Silva et al, 2018 ; Santos et al, 2020 ). Tissue culture techniques represent an attractive form of propagation for this genus, even though their slow growth means that some species require about ten years to reach reproductive age ( Machado, 2009 ; Lema-Rumińska and Kulus, 2014 ; Pérez-Molphe-Balch et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During in vitro propagation of Melocactus glaucescens , the apical segment is removed and the stem is sectioned transversally into discs ( Torres-Silva et al, 2018 ). Subsequently, the shoots arise from the areola region of M. glaucescens stems grown in culture medium with or without plant growth regulators (PGRs) ( Torres-Silva et al, 2018 ). This is the main form of cacti propagation, called areola activation ( Lema-Rumińska and Kulus, 2014 ; Pérez-Molphe-Balch et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This result was attributed to age and the use of PGRs in the culture medium. A study of in vitro shoot production of M. glaucescens revealed the occurrence of morphological and genetic variation in shoots derived from culture media with or without PGRs ( Torres-Silva et al, 2018 ). However, the lack of correlation between the morphological and genetic variation among shoots demonstrates the need to better understand the cytological organization of Melocactus stems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomy, Flow Cytometry, and X-Ray Tomography Reveal Tissue Organization and Ploidy Distribution in Long-Term In Vitro Cultures of Melocactus Species

et al. 2020

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Cacti have a highly specialized stem that enables survival during extended dry periods. Despite the ornamental value of cacti and the fact that stems represent the main source of explants in tissue culture, there are no studies on their morpho-anatomical and cytological characteristics in Melocactus . The present study seeks to address the occurrence of cells with mixed ploidy level in cacti tissues. Specifically, we aim to understand how Melocactus stem tissue is organized, how mixoploidy is distributed when present, and whether detected patterns of ploidy change after long periods of in vitro culture. To analyze tissue organization, Melocactus glaucescens and Melocactus paucispinus plants that had been germinated and cultivated in vitro were analyzed for stem structure using toluidine blue, Xylidine Ponceau, Periodic Acid Schiff, ruthenium red, and acid floroglucin. To investigate patterns of ploidy, apical, medial, and basal zones of the stem, as well as, periphery, cortex, and stele (vascular tissue and pith) regions of the stem and root apexes from four- and ten-year old cultured in vitro were analyzed by flow cytometry. X-ray micro-computed tomography (XRµCT) was performed with fragments of stems from both species. The scarcity of support elements ( i.e. , sclereids and fibers) indicates that epidermis, hypodermis, and wide-band tracheids present in cortical vascular bundles and stele, as well as water stored in aquifer parenchyma cells along the cortex, provide mechanical support to the stem. Parenchyma cells increase in volume with a four-fold increase in ploidy. M. glaucescens and M. paucispinus exhibit the same pattern of cell ploidy irrespective of topophysical region or age, but there is a marked difference in ploidy between the stem periphery (epidermis and hypodermis), cortex, stele, and roots. Mixoploidy in Melocactus is not related to the age of the culture, but is a developmental trait, whereby endocycles promote cell differentiation to accumulate valuable water.

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In vitro shoot production, morphological alterations and genetic instability of Melocactus glaucescens (Cactaceae), an endangered species endemic to eastern Brazil

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Influencia del Ca2+, pH, agar y reguladores de crecimiento en la propagación in vitro de Echinocactus parryi (Engelm)

Influencia del Ca2+, pH, agar y reguladores de crecimiento en la propagación in vitro de Echinocactus parryi (Engelm)

Genetic evidence of multiple reproductive strategies in a microendemic and threatened cactus (Cactaceae: Discocactus Pfeiff) in Bahia, Brazil

Anatomy, Flow Cytometry, and X-Ray Tomography Reveal Tissue Organization and Ploidy Distribution in Long-Term In Vitro Cultures of Melocactus Species

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