In vitro stimulation of spleen cell cultures by poly I: Poly C and levamisole

Woods, Wilna A.; Siegel, Maxine J.; Chirigos, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/0008-8749(74)90217-2

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Among the most widespread e#ects seems to be the enhancement of phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages (Symoens & Rosenthal, 1977), modulation of cytokine expression by macrophages (Kimball et al, 1992), potentiation of lymphocyte proliferation upon exposure to mitogens (Woods et al, 1974), and augmentation of antibody response following immunisation (Tempero et al, 1995). Recently, levamisole has also been found to be a possible modulator of the immune responses of carp (C. carpio) (Siwicki, 1987(Siwicki, , 1989Baba et al, 1993) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) (Kajita et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dietary intake of levamisole enhances the immune response and disease resistance of the marine teleost gilthead seabream ( L.)

Mulero

Esteban

Muñoz

et al. 1998

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

117

107

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dietary intake of levamisole enhances the immune response and disease resistance of the marine teleost gilthead seabream ( L.)

Mulero

Esteban

Muñoz

et al. 1998

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

117

107

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“…The enhanced protection in levamisole-fed, vaccinated AFB 1 -treated fish, which is equal to that seen in healthy fish fed with levamisole, is remarkable. The increased protection may be correlated with increased phagocytosis [32,66], cytokine expression by macrophages [67], lymphocyte proliferation following exposure to mitogens [68] and antibody responses [69] seen following levamisole treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dietary immunomodulation upon Edwardsiella tarda vaccination in healthy and immunocompromised Indian major carp (Labeo rohita)

Sahoo

Mukherjee

2002

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

100

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the survival rate and antibody titre observed in the vaccinated, levamisole-fed Subgroup D1 were similar to those in the glucan-fed Subgroup C1. This increased protection may be correlated with increased phagocytosis (Symoens & Rosenthal 1977, Mulero et al 1998a, cytokine expression by macrophages (Kimball et al 1992), lymphocyte proliferation following exposure to mitogens (Woods et al 1974) and antibody responses (Tempero et al 1995) observed during levamisole treatment in other fish species.The cumulative percent survival as observed in fish fed with vitamin C (both vaccinated and nonvaccinated) was similar to that of the lactoferrin and levamisole groups. The positive influence of vitamin C on disease resistance has been described earlier in many fish species (Navarre & Halver 1989, Sahoo & Mukherjee 2002, Lin & Shiau 2005, Kumari & Sahoo 2005b.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary immunostimulants influence specific immune response and resistance of healthy and immunocompromised Asian catfish Clarias batrachus to Aeromonas hydrophila infection

Kumari

Sahoo²

2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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In order to determine the efficacy and immunoreversal effect of the 4 dietary immunomodulators, viz. lactoferrin, β-1, 3 glucan, levamisole and vitamin C, on disease resistance of a commercially important catfish, Clarias batrachus, fish were fed diets supplemented with various levels of these substances in 2 subgroups, healthy and immunocompromised, during a 30 d trial. An artificial immunosuppressive state was induced by giving 3 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of cyclophosphamide (CYP) at a dose level of 200 mg kg -1 body weight at 1 wk intervals in the immunocompromised vaccinated subgroup and 3 consecutive injections 3 d before challenge in the immunocompromised non-vaccinated subgroup. On the first day of the experiment, the fish were vaccinated against a formalin-killed Aeromonas hydrophila bacterin. After 30 d, antibody titre (as measured through bacterial agglutination titre) and disease resistance against A. hydrophila were determined. The results demonstrate that all 4 immunomodulators were capable of significantly (p < 0.05) enhancing the specific immune response; this was evident through raised antibody titre and protection against A. hydrophila in both healthy and immunocompromised vaccinated subgroups compared to their respective controls. Similarly, all 4 substances significantly raised the survival rates in immunocompromised and healthy non-vaccinated fish. Thus, these substances were capable of reducing the immunosuppression induced by CYP injections in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated fish compared to their respective controls. Among the 4 substances studied, β-1, 3 glucan was found to be the most effective immunomodulator, followed by levamisole, lactoferrin and vitamin C in Asian catfish. Therefore, the results support the introduction of these substances into the diet of fish grown in farms under immunosuppressive/stressful conditions in order to enhance protection against infection and offer economic benefits. KEY WORDS: Immunomodulators · Cyclophosphamide · Specific immunity · Disease resistance · Clarias batrachus · Aeromonas hydrophila Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 70: [63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] 2006 suppressant in Clarias batrachus. Previous studies have shown that low levels of CYP exposure in fish, though not lethal, cause marked immunosuppression (Chen et al. 1983, Kitao & Yoshida 1986, Kumari & Sahoo 2005a.Aeromonas hydrophila, a ubiquitous bacterium responsible for stress-associated pathogenicity in warmwater fish (e.g. carp, catfish and salmonids) is associated with small surface lesions, local haemorrhaging and septicaemia (Yin et al. 1996). Different vaccination strategies have been employed with different bacterin preparations against A. hydrophila, inducing protection against aeromoniasis in carp and catfish species with varying degrees of success (Yin et al. 1996, Nayak et al. 2004. No commercial vaccine against A. hydrophila is currently available for Asian catfish farming.Recent studies of...

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In vitro stimulation of spleen cell cultures by poly I: Poly C and levamisole

Cited by 33 publications

References 7 publications

Dietary intake of levamisole enhances the immune response and disease resistance of the marine teleost gilthead seabream ( L.)

Dietary intake of levamisole enhances the immune response and disease resistance of the marine teleost gilthead seabream ( L.)

The effect of dietary immunomodulation upon Edwardsiella tarda vaccination in healthy and immunocompromised Indian major carp (Labeo rohita)

Dietary immunostimulants influence specific immune response and resistance of healthy and immunocompromised Asian catfish Clarias batrachus to Aeromonas hydrophila infection

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