In vitro studies of anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of organic solvent extracts from cultured marine microalgae

Abstract

Marine microalgae are a promising source of organisms that can be cultured and targeted to isolate the broad spectrum of functional metabolites. In this study, two species of cyanobacteria, Chlorella ovalis Butcher and Nannchloropsis oculata Droop, one species of bacillariophyta, Phaeoductylum tricornutum Bohlin, and one species of Dinophyceae, Amphidinium carterae (Hulburt) were cultured and biomasses used to evaluate the proximate comical compositions. Among the determined proximate chemical compositions of the cultured marine microalgae, the highest content of crude proteins and lipids were exhibited in P. tricornutum and A. carterae, respectively. Solvent-solvent partition chromatography was subjected to fractionate each of the cultured species and separated n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions. Nitric oxide production inhibitory level (%) and cytotoxicity effect on lipo-polysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were performed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity. N. oculata hexane and chloroform fractions showed significantly the strongest anti-inflammatory activity at 6.25 µg mL -1 concentration. The cancer cell growth inhibition (%) was determined on three different cell lines including HL-60 (a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line), A549 (a human lung carcinoma cell line), and B16F10 (a mouse melanoma cell line), respectively. Among the extracts, C. ovalis ethyl acetate and A. carterae chloroform fractions suppressed the growth of HL-60 cells significantly at 25 and 50 µg mL -1 concentrations. Thus, the cultured marine microalgae solvent extracts may have potentiality to isolate pharmacologically active metabolites further using advance chromatographic steps. Hence, the cultured marine microalgae can be described as a good candidate for the future therapeutic uses.

Polyphenol-rich fraction from Ecklonia cava (a brown alga) processing by-product reduces LPS-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo in a zebrafish model

“…NO production was detected using the protocol described by Samaroakoon et al (2013). Furthermore, cytotoxicity was assessed using the protocol described by Kim et al (2013).…”

Microalgae with Immunomodulatory Activities

“…Anti-inflammatory properties were previously found for various marine diatoms, such as Porosira glacialis, Attheya longicornis [42], Cylindrotheca closterium, Odontella mobiliensis, Pseudonitzschia pseudodelicatissima [43] and Phaeodactylum tricornutum [44], for the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae [44] and the green algae Dunaliella bardawil and Dunaliella tertiolecta [45]. Lauritano et al 2016 [43] and Ingebrigstein et al [42] evaluated the release of one of the main effectors of inflammation, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) [46] in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1).…”

“…Lauritano et al 2016 [43] and Ingebrigstein et al [42] evaluated the release of one of the main effectors of inflammation, the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) [46] in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1). Samarakoon et al [44] tested the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production (%) level, one of the inflammatory mediators, as positive evidence of anti-inflammatory activity on LPS-induced RAW macrophages.…”

Properties of microalgal enzymatic protein hydrolysates: Biochemical composition, protein distribution and FTIR characteristics

“…Besides C. vulgaris has been accepted as a functional food source with anticancer, immunoregulator, immunostimulating, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities [23], [26], [12], [35].…”