In Vitro Study of Nitric Oxide Metabolites Effects on Human Hydatid of<i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>

Zeghir-Bouteldja, Razika; Amri, Manel; Aït-Aïssa, S.; Bouaziz, Samia; Mezioug, Dalila; Touil-Boukoffa, Chafia

doi:10.1155/2009/624919

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Similarly, poor NO production which is correlated with AAMs’ development, is detected in E. granulosus ‐infected mice (susceptible strain), but high NO secretion has been described in macrophages belonging to resistant animals . Importantly, as shown in the same series of experiments, this mediator is able to damage E. granulosus tegument (Figures and ), so that its production by CAMs may be strongly related with an enhanced immunity to CE . However, in E. multilocularis infection, a diametric contrast of macrophage activity has been found compared with Taenia sp infection, where classical macrophage activation has been revealed to generate strong NO production, which induces lowered proliferative responses of lymphocytes in the host; when blocking iNOS in vitro , such suppression is reverted .…”

Section: Convergence and Divergence In Immunoregulatory Mechanisms Inmentioning

confidence: 78%

Regulation of immunity by Taeniids: lessons from animal models and in vitro studies

Peón

Ledesma-Soto

Terrazas

2016

Parasite Immunology

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Taeniidae is the largest family of the Cyclophyllidea order of parasites despite being composed of just two genera: Taenia spp and Echinococcus spp. These parasites are flatworms with a terrestrial life cycle, having an immature or larval stage called metacestode, which develops into the mature form within the intestine of the primary host after being consumed in raw or poorly cooked meat. Consumed eggs hatch into oncospheres, penetrate the intestinal walls and are transported via the bloodstream to later develop into metacestodes within the muscles and internal organs of secondary and sometimes primary hosts, thereby initiating the cycle again. Larval stages of both Taenia spp and Echinococcus spp are well known to produce tissue-dwelling, long-lasting infections; in this stage, these parasites can reach centimetres (macroparasites) and both genera may cause life-threatening diseases in humans. Establishing such long-term infections requires an exceptional ability to modulate host immunity for long periods of time. In this review, we analyse the immunoregulatory mechanisms induced by these tapeworms and their products, mainly discussing the importance of taeniid strategies to successfully colonize their hosts, such as antigen-presenting cell phenotype manipulation and the consequent induction of T-cell anergy, among others.

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Section: Convergence and Divergence In Immunoregulatory Mechanisms Inmentioning

confidence: 78%

Regulation of immunity by Taeniids: lessons from animal models and in vitro studies

Peón

Ledesma-Soto

Terrazas

2016

Parasite Immunology

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“…Because the infection is successfully established despite such an early response, Th2‐type responses seem not to be associated with protective immunity. Moreover, results reported by us and others suggest that Th1‐type responses may be effective against experimental and natural human cystic echinococcosis (25–28), mainly owing to IFN‐γ‐ and nitric oxide‐mediated mechanisms (29–31).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echinococcus granulosus glycoconjugates induce peritoneal B cell differentiation into antibody‐secreting cells and cytokine production

Mourglia‐Ettlin

Vesely

Fraga

et al. 2011

Parasite Immunology

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Helminth parasite infections are associated with predominant Th2-type cytokine responses, and parasite glycoconjugates have been recognized as partially responsible for such immune bias. It has been proved that Echinococcus granulosus evokes a Th2-type cytokine pattern characterized by a high production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10, and no or mild IFN-γ levels in animal models and in patients with cystic echinococcosis, respectively. Here, we show that E4(+) (a glycoconjugate-enriched fraction from E. granulosus protoscolex) stimulated the secretion of a high concentration of IL-6, followed by IL-10 and TNF-α by normal peritoneal B cells. We determined that E4(+) bound to the surface of peritoneal B cells and induced their activation and, also, triggered the differentiation of peritoneal B cells into IgM-, IgG2b- and IgG3-secreting cells in a T-independent way. Interestingly, the IgM released by E4(+) -stimulated peritoneal B cells from normal mice recognized protoscolex antigens. Results showed that, after the encounter with antigens from E. granulosus protoscolex, peritoneal B cells are a source of Th2-type cytokines and polyclonal antibodies, some of which recognize parasite antigens, suggesting that peritoneal B cells can condition the outcome of the infection.

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“…Paradoxically, nitric oxide, which has been reported to be a parasiticidal molecule, with a direct effect on protoscolices and cyst envelopes [ 33 ], should be of benefit to the host in the resistance against the parasite. However, nitric oxide has been found, once released by macrophages, to have a potentially detrimental effect on the lymphocyte function, leading to protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA base modifications and strand breaks [ 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Decrease of MCP-1 and Some Updated Epidemiology Aspects of Cystic Echinococcosis Human Cases in Calabria Region

Matera

Loria

Peronace

et al. 2018

Mediators of Inflammation

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We aim to investigate some of the pathogenetic mediators of the human echinococcosis and to obtain updated epidemiological findings on cases of echinococcosis in Calabria, Southern Italy. Echinococcosis diagnosis was based on imaging, serological investigations, and molecular assay. Indeed, real-time PCR indicated the presence of G2/G3 genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus complex. Regarding pathogenesis, a relevant novel tool of immune depression should be deemed the reduced level of serum MCP-1. Also, we found a previously unreported VEGF, possibly associated with neovascularization requested by the parasite cyst metabolism. Cytokine profiles suggest a bias of the immunity toward Th2 and Treg responses. Nitric oxide levels exhibited a significant decrease one week after therapy versus basal level measured before surgery and/or chemotherapy. An increase of serum total IgE class and IgG4 subclass was found in Echinococcus-positive patients versus controls. Our data demonstrated an endemic spreading, at least in the province of Catanzaro and neighboring Calabria territories, for such parasitosis with the novel issue of the number of female overcoming male cases. In conclusion, the novel findings of this study were the increased VEGF and the reduced serum MCP-1 in the studied cases, as well as the number of Echinococcus-infected females overcoming the infected males.

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In Vitro Study of Nitric Oxide Metabolites Effects on Human Hydatid ofEchinococcus granulosus

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Regulation of immunity by Taeniids: lessons from animal models and in vitro studies

Regulation of immunity by Taeniids: lessons from animal models and in vitro studies

Echinococcus granulosus glycoconjugates induce peritoneal B cell differentiation into antibody‐secreting cells and cytokine production

Increase of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Decrease of MCP-1 and Some Updated Epidemiology Aspects of Cystic Echinococcosis Human Cases in Calabria Region

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