In Vitro Study of Shear Bond Strength in Direct and Indirect Bonding with Three Types of Adhesive Systems

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remaining index (ARI) using one conventional and two novel adhesive systems with clinical step reduction and direct and indirect bonding. A sample of 72 human premolars were divided into six groups of 12 samples. The first three groups (G1, G2, G3) were bonded with a direct technique, while the remaining groups (G4, G5, G6) were bonded by the indirect technique. Groups G1 and G4 used conventional acid-etching primer composite (XT); groups G2 and G5 used self-etching bonding (BO), and groups G3 and G6 had an acid-etching treatment followed by a self-adhesive composite (OC). All groups were exposed to thermocycling. Shear bond strength was analyzed with a universal test machine, and the ARI was examined with 4× magnification. The results showed statistically significant differences between the three adhesive systems. The highest strength values were observed in the XT group G1 (13.54 ± 4 MPa), while the lowest were shown in the BO G2 samples (5.05 ± 2 MPa). There was no significant difference between the direct or indirect bonding techniques on the three compared groups. The type of primer and bonding material significantly influenced the SBS. Values with self-etching bonding were below the minimum recommended for clinical use (5.9–7.8 MPa). There was no difference between indirect and direct bonding techniques. The lowest ARI scores (0–1) were observed in both self-etching and BO groups. Further clinical studies are needed to compare in vivo results.

Enamel Evaluation after Debonding of Fixed Retention and Polishing Treatment with Three Different Methods

“…Many studies have analyzed the enamel characteristics after bracket debonding concerning enamel loss, roughness, shear bond strength, and adhesive remnant index [ 18 , 19 ]. However, no other study was found by the investigators with regard to these same parameters in lingual retentions.…”

A remineralizing orthodontic etchant that utilizes calcium phosphate ion clusters

“…Recent research has focused on reducing the number of bracket attachment process while increasing its durability ( Latta and Radniecki, 2020 ). For example, self-adhesive resin (SAR) is a product that does not use an adhesive, and because it reduces the bracket attachment process by one-step, it can help to reduce the overall level of adhesive residue ( Cengiz and Ünal, 2019 ; Iglesias et al, 2020 ; Rasmussen et al, 2020 ; Ok et al, 2021 ).…”

Resistência Ao Cisalhamento E Avaliação Da Superfície De Esmalte Após Remoção De Braquetes Cerâmicos Monocristalinos Colados Com Diferentes Adesivos Ortodônticos

“…Na ortodontia, os sistema de adesivo ideal é aquele que, apresenta retenção suficiente para suportar esforços da mastigação e de forças geradas pela mecânica ortodôntica, (CERONE et al, 2019) permitindo o posicionamento preciso dos acessórios e remoção dos mesmos sem danificar o esmalte dentário (IGLESIAS et al, 2020;KACHOEI et al, 2016) contudo, na colagem dos acessórios ortodônticos, uma força de adesão muito alta nem sempre é favorável, pois poderia danificar a superfície de esmalte no momento da descolagem (DELAVARIAN et al, 2019;NASEH et al, 2018).…”