In Vitro Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ultrasonicated Ethanolic Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis and its Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Against Eimeria tenella Oocysts of Chickens

Kasem, Shaimaa M.; Mira, Nabila M.; Mahfouz, Magdy E.; Helal, Ibrahim B.

doi:10.1208/s12249-022-02445-z

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Essential oils are highly active antioxidants and immunomodulators ( 253 – 257 ). These oils can kill the oocyst of Eimeria ( 15 , 258 – 260 ) and stop sporulation by penetrating the walls of the Eimeria oocyst ( 147 , 261 – 263 ). Essential oils can also help reduce coccidial signs and symptoms because of their direct and indirect anticoccidial activities ( 264 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry

Saeed

Alkheraije

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Avian species have long struggled with the problem of coccidiosis, a disease that affects various parts of the intestine, including the anterior gut, midgut, and hindgut. Among different types of coccidiosis, cecal coccidiosis is particularly dangerous to avian species. Chickens and turkeys are commercial flocks; thus, their parasites have remained critical due to their economic importance. High rates of mortality and morbidity are observed in both chickens and turkeys due to cecal coccidiosis. Coccidiostats and coccidiocidal chemicals have traditionally been added to feed and water to control coccidiosis. However, after the EU banned their use because of issues of resistance and public health, alternative methods are being explored. Vaccines are also being used, but their efficacy and cost-effectiveness remain as challenges. Researchers are attempting to find alternatives, and among the alternatives, botanicals are a promising choice. Botanicals contain multiple active compounds such as phenolics, saponins, terpenes, sulfur compounds, etc., which can kill sporozoites and oocysts and stop the replication of Eimeria. These botanicals are primarily used as anticoccidials due to their antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. Because of the medicinal properties of botanicals, some commercial products have also been developed. However, further research is needed to confirm their pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, and methods of concentrated preparation. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the plants that have the potential to act as anticoccidials and to explain the mode of action of different compounds found within them.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry

Saeed

Alkheraije

2023

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Kasim et al, also performed similar studies for assessing the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis on the sporulation inhibition of E. tenella [21].…”

Section: Identification Of Different Stages Of the Oocystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of phenolic disinfectant on sporulation inhibition of Eimeria tenella for prevention of coccidiosis

Rajendran,

Fatima S

2023

J App Biol Biotech

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Caecal coccidiosis in broiler chickens is caused by Eimeria tenella, a parasite that causes severe mortality and huge economic loss. E. tenella exists in two stages, namely, sporulated and unsporulated stages, and the infective sporulated stage causes infection and leads to caecal coccidiosis. An in vitro study was carried out to understand the effect of phenolic disinfectant (PD) on the sporulation suppression of E. tenella oocyst. Unsporulated oocysts of E. tenella from infected broiler birds were used for the experiments. The groups consisted of control (C, saline), negative control (NC, sodium hydroxide), positive control (PC, ammonium hydroxide), T1 (PD at 5 mL/L), and T2 (PD at 10 mL/L). The percentage of oocysts that were unsporulated, sporulating, and sporulated was quantified, and then, the inhibitory activity (IA) was calculated. A higher percentage of sporulated oocysts was observed in C (71%) and NC (65%). Groups such as PC, T1, and T2 showed 3.89%, 38.44%, and 9.33% of sporulated oocysts, which were found to be lesser than C and NC. The IA of the groups was observed to be 2.96%, 91.30%, 52.25%, and 70.58% for NC, PC, T1, and T2, respectively (P < 0.05). Based on these results, we infer that PD suppresses E. tenella sporulation and could be used to prevent coccidiosis in poultry farms.

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“…Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.), which belongs to the Lamiaceae family, is an aromatic non-toxic plant that is usually used as a common household culinary spice for flavoring [ 17 ]. It has been found to exert various pharmacological activities, particularly antioxidant [ 18 ], anti-inflammatory [ 19 ] and antiparasitic [ 20 , 21 ] effects. Furthermore, rosemary extracts are widely used in alternative medicine [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophylactic and Therapeutic Efficacy of Ultrasonicated Rosmarinus officinalis Ethanolic Extract and its Chitosan-Loaded Nanoparticles Against Eimeria tenella Infected Broiler Chickens

Kasem,

Mira,

Helal

et al. 2024

Acta Parasit.

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Purpose The in vivo efficacy of ultrasonicated Rosmarinus officinalis ethanolic extract (UROEE) and its chitosan-loaded nanoparticles (UROEE-CsNPs) was investigated as a dietary prophylactic agent and as a therapeutic treatment against Eimeria tenella infected broiler chickens. Methods Chickens were infected with 4 × 104E. tenella oocysts at 21 days old for primary infection and with 8 × 104 oocysts at 35 days old for secondary infection. Eleven experimental groups were conducted. Dietary addition of 100 mg/kg UROEE and 20 mg/kg for CsNPs as well as UROEE-CsNPs were included for prophylactic groups from day 1 to 42. The same doses were used for therapeutic treatment groups for 5 constitutive days. Oocyst output in feces was counted. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were conducted. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines as IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-6 as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines as IL-10 and TGF-β4 was analyzed using semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. Results The results showed an efficacy of UROEE, CsNPs and UROEE-CsNPs in reduction of oocyst excretion and improving the cecal tissue architecture. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes protein expression were reduced. E. tenella infection lead to upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines as IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and anti-inflammatory cytokines as TGF-β4 following primary infection, while their expression was downregulated following secondary infection. Conclusion The dietary prophylactic additives and therapeutic treatments with UROEE, CsNPs and UROEE-CsNPs could decrease the inflammatory response to E. tenella as indicated by oocyst output reduction, histopathological improvements, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells protein expression reduction as well as reducing mRNA expression levels of the tested cytokines following primary and secondary infections. Consequently, these results will help to develop better-combating strategies for the control and prevention of coccidiosis on poultry farms as a dietary prophylactic agent or as a therapeutic treatment. Graphical Abstract

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In Vitro Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Ultrasonicated Ethanolic Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis and its Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Against Eimeria tenella Oocysts of Chickens

Cited by 7 publications

References 78 publications

Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry

Botanicals: A promising approach for controlling cecal coccidiosis in poultry

Effect of phenolic disinfectant on sporulation inhibition of Eimeria tenella for prevention of coccidiosis

Prophylactic and Therapeutic Efficacy of Ultrasonicated Rosmarinus officinalis Ethanolic Extract and its Chitosan-Loaded Nanoparticles Against Eimeria tenella Infected Broiler Chickens

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