In Vitro Susceptibilities to and Bactericidal Activities of Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas

Waites, Ken B.; Crabb, Donna M.; Xue, Bing; Duffy, Lynn B.

doi:10.1128/aac.47.1.161-165.2003

Cited by 76 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For M. hominis, others described a bactericidal activity of garenoxacin against one of two isolates (13) and a bactericidal activity of gatifloxacin against two of three isolates studied (14). In contrast to the results of Waites et al (13,14), we found some bactericidal activities for garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, and gemifloxacin against Ureaplasma spp.…”

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confidence: 56%

In Vitro Activities of the Newer Quinolones Garenoxacin, Gatifloxacin, and Gemifloxacin against Human Mycoplasmas

Pereyre

Renaudin

Bébéar

2004

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The activities of garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, and gemifloxacin were compared with those of four fluoroquinolones against human mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas, including fluoroquinolone-resistant genetically characterized strains. Garenoxacin exhibited the highest activity, followed by gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin. The minimal bactericidal activities of these three compounds were lower than those of the four fluoroquinolones.Garenoxacin, a des-fluoro(6)-quinolone, and gemifloxacin and gatifloxacin, two fluoroquinolones, are new compounds of the widespread class of fluoroquinolones with potent antibacterial activity against gram-negative, gram-positive, and anaerobic bacteria (6)(7)(8)11). The different fluoroquinolones show various levels of activity against mycoplasmas. In this study, the activities of garenoxacin, gemifloxacin, and gatifloxacin were compared with those of four fluoroquinolones, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin and with those of two unrelated antimicrobial agents, doxycycline and erythromycin, against different human Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma species. Furthermore, the activities of these three new compounds were evaluated in a comparison with the activities of other reference fluoroquinolones against several in vivo mutants of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis and against several in vitro mutants of M. hominis (all mutants genetically characterized). Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of fluoroquinolones for five strains of the three major pathogenic species, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. hominis, and Ureaplasma isolates, were also determined.A total of 31 strains of M. pneumoniae (30 clinical respiratory isolates and 1 reference strain FH), 6 strains of Mycoplasma genitalium (5 clinical isolates and 1 reference strain G37), and 40 strains of M. hominis were studied. The 40 M. hominis strains consisted of 20 doxycycline-susceptible clinical strains, 11 doxycycline-resistant clinical isolates, 4 fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates that have been genetically characterized (3, 4) (isolates MHa, MHb1, MHc1, and MHe2), 4 fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants selected in vitro and genetically characterized (2) (isolates IS1, IIS1, IIS3A, and IIIS3A1), and 1 reference strain (PG21). A total of 46 strains of Ureaplasma spp. were studied. The 46 Ureaplasma strains included 17 doxycycline-susceptible clinical isolates, 14 doxycycline-resistant clinical strains, 12 fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolates that have been genetically characterized (3) (UUa to UUg5), and 3 reference strains (Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and U. urealyticum Vancouver serovar 9). Nine strains of Mycoplasma fermentans (seven clinical strains and two reference strains [PG18 and K7]) and two strains of Mycoplasma penetrans (one urethral isolate and one reference strain [GTU-54]) were studied.All antimicrobial powders tested were obtained from their respective manufacturers and dissolved according to their recommendations. Susceptibility testing was performed as previ...

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confidence: 56%

In Vitro Activities of the Newer Quinolones Garenoxacin, Gatifloxacin, and Gemifloxacin against Human Mycoplasmas

Pereyre

Renaudin

Bébéar

2004

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…The MICs for LVX were two-to threefold lower than those of CIP; this has also been reported for Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Ureaplasma spp. (37). However the MIC of M2300 and M2321 for LVX was 4 mg/liter, and these two strains would be considered fluoroquinolone resistant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Mycoplasma genitalium by TaqMan 5′ Nuclease Real-Time PCR

Hamasuna

Osada

Jensen

2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Mycoplasma genitalium is an important pathogen in male nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). Isolation of M. genitalium from clinical specimens by axenic culture is very difficult and time-consuming, and very few strains are available for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Primary isolation of M. genitalium by coculture with Vero cells improves the isolation rate significantly. However, some strains cannot be adapted to axenic culture. In this study, we determined the antibiotic susceptibility of M. genitalium strains grown in Vero cell culture with dilutions of antibiotics. Growth of M. genitalium was monitored by a quantitative PCR assay detecting a single-copy region of the mgpB adhesin gene. Growth inhibition in the presence of antibiotics was expressed as a percentage of the DNA load of controls grown in the absence of antibiotics. Eighteen strains were examined, including 6 new strains isolated from urethral swab specimens and 4 new strains isolated from urine specimens collected from Japanese men. Eight strains adapted to axenic culture were also tested by the conventional broth dilution method. The two methods had an acceptable correlation. Azithromycin was the most active drug against M. genitalium. Among the fluoroquinolones, moxifloxacin had the highest activity, with MICs ranging from 0.03 to 0.5 mg/liter, whereas ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were considerably less active, with MICs ranging from 0.5 to 16 mg/liter and 0.25 to 4 mg/liter, respectively. MICs for tetracycline ranged from 0.125 to 4 mg/liter. This new method could increase the number of M. genitalium strains available for antibiotic susceptibility testing and significantly shorten the time from sampling to MIC results.Mycoplasma genitalium was first isolated after prolonged incubation from 2 of 13 men with urethritis (36). Despite repeated attempts, new isolates of M. genitalium were not obtained from urethral specimens by conventional culture techniques (31, 33), but isolation of M. genitalium in cultures of throat and synovial fluid specimens has been reported, although these isolates were mixed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (1, 35). Aside from these reports, a technique for isolation of M. genitalium from urethral specimens using Vero cells to initially cultivate M. genitalium and subsequent adaptation to conventional broth has been developed (19) and has been used with some success in other laboratories (34). Using this new technique, however, it took more than 50 days to adapt the M. genitalium strains to cell-free medium, i.e., axenic culture. Even today, other urogenital isolates are extremely rare and have been difficult to obtain (23).M. genitalium is gaining increasing attention as one of the important pathogens in men with nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). While Chlamydia trachomatis can be found in 30 to 40% of NGU patients, M. genitalium has been detected in 15 to 30% (3,11,15,20). Several studies have shown a significant association between the presence of M. genitalium DNA and symptoms and/or signs of urethritis (reviewed in refere...

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“…The current taxonomic designations included in class Mollicutes comprise 4 orders, 5 families, 8 genera, and about 200 known species that have been detected in humans, vertebrate animals, arthropods, and plants. M. pneumoniae is a member of the family Mycoplasmataceae and order Mycoplasmatales (435).…”

Section: Mollicute Taxonomy and Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma pneumoniaeand Its Role as a Human Pathogen

2004

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a unique bacterium that does not always receive the attention it merits considering the number of illnesses it causes and the degree of morbidity associated with it in both children and adults. Serious infections requiring hospitalization, while rare, occur in both adults and children and may involve multiple organ systems. The severity of disease appears to be related to the degree to which the host immune response reacts to the infection. Extrapulmonary complications involving all of the major organ systems can occur in association with M. pneumoniae infection as a result of direct invasion and/or autoimmune response. The extrapulmonary manifestations are sometimes of greater severity and clinical importance than the primary respiratory infection. Evidence for this organism's contributory role in chronic lung conditions such as asthma is accumulating. Effective management of M. pneumoniae infections can usually be achieved with macrolides, tetracyclines, or fluoroquinolones. As more is learned about the pathogenesis and immune response elicited by M. pneumoniae, improvement in methods for diagnosis and prevention of disease due to this organism may occur

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In Vitro Susceptibilities to and Bactericidal Activities of Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas

Cited by 76 publications

References 25 publications

In Vitro Activities of the Newer Quinolones Garenoxacin, Gatifloxacin, and Gemifloxacin against Human Mycoplasmas

In Vitro Activities of the Newer Quinolones Garenoxacin, Gatifloxacin, and Gemifloxacin against Human Mycoplasmas

Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Mycoplasma genitalium by TaqMan 5′ Nuclease Real-Time PCR

Mycoplasma pneumoniaeand Its Role as a Human Pathogen

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