In vitro techniques for selecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Fusarium-resistance. II. Culture filtrate technique and inheritance of Fusarium-resistance in the somaclones

Abstract

Calli of resistant, intermediary and susceptible wheat (Triticum aestivum L .) varieties were selected using culture filtrates of Fusarium graminearum and F culmorum and the regenerants were evaluated for resistance up to R3 .Czapek-Dox broth medium was inoculated with mycelia of Fusarium isolates and incubated for 2-6 weeks . Filtrates were added to MS callus growing medium, then 5 weeks-old calli were transferred onto this medium (MST) for 4-5 weeks . MST containing 30% filtrate was found to be suitable for selection . Resistant calli were transferred again to fresh MST for further two selection cycles. The surviving calli produced less fertile regenerated lines (Ro) than the non-selected ones . Among 18 R, lines tested for Fusarium-resistance in the seedling stage by artificial inoculation in the greenhouse, two (11 .1%) were significantly more resistant, one (5 .6%) was more susceptible than the original cultivar and the rest (83 .3%) behaved similarly to the donor plants. Among unselected R3 lines of three varieties, practically the same number of resistant plants were found as among the related selected ones .When the R3 selfed generations obtained through double-layer and culture filtrate selection techniques were tested for Fusarium-resistance, 35 .7% of the lines were found to be more resistant than the original cultivars, none was more susceptible and 64 .3% had a reaction similar to that of the source materials . Thus, inheritance of the disease reaction was not stable in all cases . Success of in vitro selection for Fusarium-resistance depended also on the genotype, and toxin analysis showed that although being effective, the selective media contained deoxynivalenol only exceptionally. In selecting wheat for Fusarium-resistance in vitro, the culture filtrate technique proved better than the double-layer procedure .

FUSARIUM VERTICILLIOIDES: MANAGING THE ENDOPHYTIC ASSOCIATION WITH MAIZE FOR REDUCED FUMONISINS ACCUMULATION

“…Modern-day field maize cultivars are almost universally infected with symptomless endophytic colonizations by F. verticillioides (Foley, 1962;Kommedahl and Siggerirsson, 1975;Thomas and Buddenhagen, 1980;Leslie et al, 1990;Ahmed et al, 1996;Anaya and Roncero, 1996;Bai, 1996;Bakan et al, 2002), but disease symptoms are rarely exhibited unless stressed. Plant breeding and selection may have formed the basis for symptomless root infection in maize and possible other agricultural species and cultivars.…”

R E V I E W: In Vitro Selection and Somaclonal Variation for Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance

“…Plant improvement through somaclonal variation and in vitro selection is some techniques of in vitro culture for obtaining plant genotype tolerance to the biotic or abiotic stress, such as drought, high salinity, Al stress, acid soil, and disease tolerance (Ahmed et al, 1996;Yusnita et al, 2005). In addition, the plants are expected to have some desired characters such as having bigger fruit size, more interesting flower texture, more delicious taste and higher production (Pedrieri, 2001;Ahloowalia and Maluszynski, 2001;Witjaksono, 2003).…”

Metabolite Profiles of Arsenic Tolerant Plants Regenerated from Stem Calli of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees using HPLC and 1D 1H NMR

“…In earlier, in vitro plant regeneration via micropropagation (Purkayastha et al, 2008;Karuppusamy and Kalimuthu, 2010;Jindal et al, 2015) and somatic embryogenesis (Martin, 2004) have been reported in A. paniculata. Now a day, in vitro selection and somaclonal variation techniques are utilized for attaining plant genotype tolerance to the abiotic stress like high salinity, drought, heavy metal stress, acid soil and disease tolerance over biotic stresses (Ahmed et al, 1996;Yusnita et al, 2005). In vitro selection is an effective method to alter the plant with desired character through applying a selective agent on media (Bulk, 1991).…”