In vitro toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on Caco-2 cells

Cebadero-Domínguez, Óscar; Ferrández-Gómez, Borja; Sánchez-Ballester, Soraya; Moreno, José; Jos, Ángeles; Cameán, AM

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.05.010

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Existing studies underscore GO’s concentration-dependent toxicity, increasing at higher concentrations. 33 Furthermore, the toxicity of GO exhibits significant variability across different cell types. 34 , 35 In this respect, Hu et al observed that lower concentrations of GO (20 μg/mL) had minimal impact on A549 cell viability compared to higher concentrations (85 μg/mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oriented Graphene Oxide Scaffold Promotes Nerve Regeneration in vitro and in vivo

Zhou,

Tang,

Xiong

et al. 2024

IJN

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Background Treating peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) with defects remains challenging in clinical practice. The commercial conduits have shown suboptimal nerve regeneration and functional recovery due to their basic tubular design without electroactive and oriented topographical cues. Purpose To develop a new scaffold with oriented microstructure and electroactive Graphene oxide (GO) and investigate its’ therapeutic effect on nerve regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Methods This study employed a straightforward approach to co-spin PCL and GO, yielding an oriented hybrid nanofibrous scaffold known as the O-GO/PCL scaffold. The physical and chemical properties of nanofibrous scaffold were tested by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), tensile test and so on. Primary Schwann cells (SCs) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were used to investigate the impact of the newly developed scaffolds on the biological behavior of neural cells in vitro. Transcriptome sequencing (mRNA-seq) was employed to probe the underlying mechanisms of the synergistic effect of electroactive GO and longitudinal topographic guidance on nerve regeneration. Furthermore, the developed O-GO/PCL scaffold was utilized to bridge a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect in rat, aiming to investigate its therapeutic potential for peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo. Results and discussion The SEM and TEM revealed that the newly developed O-GO/PCL scaffold showed longitudinally oriented microstructure and GO particles were homogenously and uniformly distributed inside the nanofibers. Primary SCs were utilized to assess the biocompatibility of the GO-based scaffold, revealing that negligible cytotoxicity when GO concentration does not exceed 0.5%. In vitro analysis of nerve regeneration demonstrated that axons in the O-GO/PCL group exhibited an average length of 1054.88 ± 161.32 µm, significant longer than those in the other groups ( P < 0.05). Moreover, mRNA sequencing results suggested that the O-GO/PCL scaffold could enhance nerve regeneration by upregulating genes associated with neural regeneration, encompassing ion transport, axon guidance and cell–cell interactions. Most importantly, we employed the O-GO/PCL scaffold to repair a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect in rat, resulting in augmented nerve regeneration, myelination, and functional recovery. Conclusion The O-GO/PCL scaffold with oriented microstructure and electroactive GO represents a promising heral nerve reconstruction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oriented Graphene Oxide Scaffold Promotes Nerve Regeneration in vitro and in vivo

Zhou,

Tang,

Xiong

et al. 2024

IJN

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“…The endoplasmatic reticulum appears as a dense body. Cells treated with GO for 48 h (Figure 5(f6)) showed more modified mitochondria than after 24 h [156].…”

Section: Biological Effect Of Nanomaterials Upon Cell (In Vitro)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In Ref. [156], the authors studied the dependence of cytotoxicity on oxygen group composition. Figure 5f shows TEM images of cellular internalization of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene oxide (GO) in Caco-2 cells.…”

Section: Biological Effect Of Nanomaterials Upon Cell (In Vitro)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functional groups are further used for the bioconjugation of carbon nanomaterials with therapeutic and targeting agents. This decreases the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials and increases the selectivity of drug delivery and the sensitivity and accuracy of bioimaging [155,156]. The noncovalent functionalization is performed via hydrophobic interactions, π-π interactions, and van der Waals forces between carbon nanomaterials and guest molecules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Fullerenes, and Dots

Kharlamova

Kramberger

2023

Nanomaterials

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The cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials is a very important issue for microorganisms, animals, and humans. Here, we discuss the issues of cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, and dots. Cytotoxicity issues, such as cell viability and drug release, are considered. The main part of the review is dedicated to important cell viability issues. They are presented for A549 human melanoma, E. coli, osteosarcoma, U2-OS, SAOS-2, MG63, U87, and U118 cell lines. Then, important drug release issues are discussed. Bioimaging results are shown here to illustrate the use of carbon derivatives as markers in any type of imaging used in vivo/in vitro. Finally, perspectives of the field are presented. The important issue is single-cell viability. It can allow a correlation of the functionality of organelles of single cells with the development of cancer. Such organelles are mitochondria, nuclei, vacuoles, and reticulum. It allows for finding biochemical evidence of cancer prevention in single cells. The development of investigation methods for single-cell level detection of viability stimulates the cytotoxicity investigative field. The development of single-cell microscopy is needed to improve the resolution and accuracy of investigations. The importance of cytotoxicity is drug release. It is important to control the amount of drug that is released. This is performed with pH, temperature, and electric stimulation. Further development of drug loading and bioimaging is important to decrease the cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials. We hope that this review is useful for researchers from all disciplines across the world.

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“… Sr. No. Materials Nature Synthesis method Applications Ref 1 Au Inorganic Reduction method Biomarker, Diagnosis, Drug delivery [ 42 , 62 ] 2 Micelles Organic Direct dissolution Diagnosis, Targeted drug delivery, Gene delivery [ 43 , 49 ] 3 Chitosan Organic Solvent evaporation Drug delivery, Cancer immunotherapy [ 26 , 58 ] 4 Mesoporous Silica Inorganic Microwave technique Vaccines, Photodynamic therapy [ 46 , 63 ] 5 QDs Hybrid Colloidal technique Diagnosis, Drug delivery [ 64 , 65 ] 6 Carbon nanotubes Hybrid Thermal CVD method Anticancer treatment [ 53 ] 7 Graphene based nanoparticles Hybrid Arc discharge method Diagnosis, Targeted drug delivery, Biosensing [ 66 ] 8 ...…”

Section: Research Significance Of Nanomaterials In the Biomedical Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based nanomaterials for biomedical applications: Designing, recent trends, challenges, and prospects

Sadiq,

Khan,

Khan

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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In vitro toxicity evaluation of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide on Caco-2 cells

Cited by 22 publications

References 60 publications

Oriented Graphene Oxide Scaffold Promotes Nerve Regeneration in vitro and in vivo

Oriented Graphene Oxide Scaffold Promotes Nerve Regeneration in vitro and in vivo

Cytotoxicity of Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, Fullerenes, and Dots

A critical review on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based nanomaterials for biomedical applications: Designing, recent trends, challenges, and prospects

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