In vitro toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from residential biomass heating systems based on old and new technologies

Jalava, Pasi; Happo, Mikko S.; Kelz, Joachim; Brunner, T.; Hakulinen, Pasi; Mäki‐Paakkanen, Jorma; Hukkanen, Annika; Jokiniemi, Jorma; Obernberger, Ingwald; Hirvonen, Maija-Riitta

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.009

Cited by 67 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The statistical analysis of the data was conducted as described previously by Jalava et al (2012) and Uski et al (2015). Correlation analysis was carried out as described by Happo et al (2013).…”

Section: Statistical Analysis and Relative Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chloride content of the pellets was detected by ion chromatography (IC, standard EN 15289:2011). All analyses were performed as described previously by Kelz et al (2010) and Jalava et al (2012).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical analysis of the PM 1 samples was conducted as described previously in detail by Kelz et al (2010) and Jalava et al (2012). Briefly, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and inorganic carbon (IC) contents were determined using a carbon/hydrogen analyzer (LECO, RC-612), and chemical elements (Ca, Cd, Cl, K, Mg, Mn, P, Pb, S, Zn) were analyzed with either inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from straw,Miscanthus, and poplar pellet combustion in residential boilers

Kasurinen

Jalava

Uski

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Wood pellets have been used in domestic heating appliances for three decades. However, because the share of renewable energy for heating will likely rise over the next several years, alternative biomass fuels, such as short-rotation coppice or energy crops, will be utilized. We tested particulate emissions from the combustion of standard softwood pellets and three alternative pellets (poplar, Miscanthus sp., and wheat straw) for their ability to induce inflammatory, cytotoxic, and genotoxic responses in a mouse macrophage cell line. Our results showed clear differences in the chemical composition of the emissions, which was reflected in the toxicological effects. Standard softwood and straw pellet combustion resulted in the lowest PM 1 mass emissions. Miscanthus sp. and poplar combustion emissions were approximately three times higher. Emissions from the herbaceous biomass pellets contained higher amounts of chloride and organic carbon than the emissions from standard softwood pellet combustion. Additionally, the emissions of the poplar pellet combustion contained the highest concentration of metals. The emissions from the biomass alternatives caused significantly higher genotoxicity than the emissions from the standard softwood pellets. Moreover, straw pellet emissions caused higher inflammation than the other samples. Regarding cytotoxicity, the differences between the samples were smaller. Relative toxicity was generally highest for the poplar and Miscanthus sp. samples, as their emission factors were much higher. Thus, in addition to possible technical problems, alternative pellet materials may cause higher emissions and toxicity. The long-term use of alternative fuels in residential-scale appliances will require technological developments in both burners and filtration. EDITORTiina Reponen

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Section: Statistical Analysis and Relative Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from straw,Miscanthus, and poplar pellet combustion in residential boilers

Kasurinen

Jalava

Uski

et al. 2015

Aerosol Science and Technology

Self Cite

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“…Another possibility is the use of chemical assays using indicator reactions (e.g., for the oxidative potential of emission particles [5], which is believed to be connected with induction of inflammatory processes in lung and other target organs [22]. The application of lung cellbased assays in this context promises to be a reproducible tool for accessing initial biological responses of the primary target tissue on collected PM [9] or, if adequate exposure technologies are used, directly on emission-or ambient aerosols [16]. However, the study of systemic effects finally needs animal- [4] or human patient studies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the early studies on the health effects of the London smog episode in 1952 [2,24], an enormous amount of epidemiological, toxicological, medical, chemical, physical, and technological research was conducted in order to understand and prevent the effects of air pollution, especially with fine particulate matter, on human health [1,7,9,12,13,17,19,20,25]. The legislation and abatement measures based on this work have considerably improved the air quality in many industrialized countries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Aerosols and health: a challenge for chemical and biological analysis

Zimmermann

2015

Anal Bioanal Chem

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Potential impact of economic incentives to reduce primary air emissions related to residential biomass combustion: the case of Lombardy region, Italy

Ozgen

2024

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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The paper explores the potential of the main state economic incentive (Conto Termico) designed to promote the use of renewable energy sources for heating and cooling purposes in residential buildings, aiming to reduce primary air emissions from residential biomass combustion (RBC). For this purpose, an emission reduction scenario involving the technological transition of biomass residential heating appliances was implemented in the lowland small‐medium municipalities of the Lombardy region in Italy, where households are connected to the natural gas grid but RBC is often practiced for economic reasons, contributing to severe air pollution problems related especially to particulate matter (PM) emissions. This technological turnover scenario (i.e. all biomass appliances in the area replaced by state‐of‐the‐art pellet appliances) resulted in a significant reduction of particulate matter emissions, while having only a minimal impact on NOx emissions. The incentivized cost for technological turnover (€15/kgPM10 avoided) was in line with the social costs associated with health impacts related to PM10 in a rural setting such as the study area. Given the one‐off investment support provided by a recently adopted national decree (DM 15/09/2022), biomethane emerges as a promising renewable energy alternative to decrease PM and NOx emissions from RBC in Lombardy region, characterized by an extensive natural gas distribution network and potential waste feedstock for biomethane production. Despite the still elevated production costs, an analysis restricted to the incentivized segment reveals that supporting biomethane production through investment incentives is more cost‐effective (€8/kgPM10 avoided) than promoting technological turnover.

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In vitro toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from residential biomass heating systems based on old and new technologies

Cited by 67 publications

References 54 publications

Toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from straw,Miscanthus, and poplar pellet combustion in residential boilers

Toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from straw,Miscanthus, and poplar pellet combustion in residential boilers

Aerosols and health: a challenge for chemical and biological analysis

Potential impact of economic incentives to reduce primary air emissions related to residential biomass combustion: the case of Lombardy region, Italy

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