In-vivo 31P-MRS of skeletal muscle and liver: A way for non-invasive assessment of their metabolism

Valkovič, Ladislav; Chmelík, Marek; Krššák, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.018

Cited by 82 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 271 publications

(487 reference statements)

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“…Applications of these techniques to the investigation of a specific physiology/pathology will be discussed without detailed description. Interested readers are referred to recent review articles on the applications of 31 P-MRS/MRI in metabolic characterization of skeletal muscle (10)(11)(12), heart (13), brain (14), and liver (11), as well as in diseases such as cancer (15), heart failure (16), and obesity and diabetes (17,18).…”

Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review

Liu

2017

Quant. Imaging Med. Surg.

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Many human diseases are caused by an imbalance between energy production and demand.Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide the unique opportunity for in vivo assessment of several fundamental events in tissue metabolism without the use of ionizing radiation. Of particular interest, phosphate metabolites that are involved in ATP generation and utilization can be quantified noninvasively by phosphorous-31 ( 31 P) MRS/MRI. Furthermore, 31 P magnetization transfer (MT) techniques allow in vivo measurement of metabolic fluxes via creatine kinase (CK) and ATP synthase. However, a major impediment for the clinical applications of 31 P-MRS/MRI is the prohibitively long acquisition time and/or the low spatial resolution that are necessary to achieve adequate signal-to-noise ratio. P-MRS/MRI techniques. Applications of these techniques to the investigation of a specific physiology/pathology will be discussed without detailed description. Interested readers are referred to recent review articles on the applications of 31 P-MRS/MRI in metabolic characterization of skeletal muscle (10-12), heart (13), brain (14), and liver (11), as well as in diseases such as cancer (15), heart failure (16), and obesity and diabetes (17,18). Historical perspectiveThe use of 31 P-MRS for metabolic investigations dates back to 1960. Cohn and Hughes were the first to obtain a high-resolution 31 P spectrum of a solution of ATP (19). In addition, they also observed a dependence of the chemical shifts of the phosphorus nuclei of ATP on the pH of the solution. In parallel to the early development of MRI methods by Lauterbur (20), the entire 1970s also witnessed the rapid advance of 31 P-MRS in metabolic investigation of a broad range of biological systems. In 1973, Moon and Richards performed the first 31 P-MRS study that measured intracellular pH in human red blood cells (21). In the following year, Henderson and colleagues obtained the first 31 P spectrum of ATP from human red blood cells (22). At the same time, the Oxford team led by Radda performed the first experiment to acquire 31 P spectra from an intact organ, i.e., the excised and superfused muscle of rat hindlimb (23). The first in vivo 31 P-MRS study was performed on mouse brain by Chance et al. (24). Within the short span of one decade, organelles including mitochondria (25,26) and chromaffin granules (27), cells including Escherichia coli (28), yeast (29), and hepatocytes (30), and organs including skeletal muscle (31,32), heart (33-35), brain (36), kidney (37), and liver (38,39) have all been studied using 31 P-MRS.It is worth noting that most of these organ studies were performed on excised organs to avoid the need for spatial localization. Although Lauterbur has demonstrated the feasibility of imaging water protons (20), it was considered impractical for 31 P imaging of living systems because of the low sensitivity and difficulties with spectral resolution.The 1980s began with the publication of two important studies that aimed a...

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Section: Review Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review

Liu

2017

Quant. Imaging Med. Surg.

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“…Recently developed magnetization transfer (MT) techniques, which saturate the signal of a nuclei-of-interest and observe the transfer of this saturated signal through chemical exchange, may provide additional insight into skeletal muscle bioenergetics 11 . Compared to 31 PMRS methods, MT techniques allow for localized acquisition with relatively high spatial resolution.…”

Section: Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incomplete saturation and radiofrequency spillover are issues that are more apparent at low field, although corrections can be introduced into the modified Bloch equations to account for this. However, the combination of low SNR from the low availability of 31 P in biological systems, combined with saturation and signal homogeneity issues makes the use of high-field systems preferable for MT techniques 11 .…”

Section: Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Multiorgan, Multimodality Imaging in Cardiometabolic Disease

Kumar

Hsueh

Raman

2017

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

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Cardiometabolic disease, spanning conditions such as obesity to type 2 diabetes mellitus with excess cardiovascular risk, represents a major public health burden. Advances in preclinical translational science point to potential targets across multiple organ systems for early intervention to improve cardiometabolic health. Validation in clinical trials and translation to care would benefit from in vivo diagnostic techniques that facilitate therapeutic advancements. This review provides a state-of-the-art, multi-modality perspective spanning the multiple organ systems (Figure) that contribute to cardiometabolic disease.

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“…P i can be used to calculate tissue pH, as its resonance frequency changes with the acidity of the environment. Phosphomonoesters (PMEs) and phosphodiesters (PDEs) allow assessment of phospholipid metabolism . At ultra‐high field (>7 T), the increased signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and increased spectral resolution facilitate the individual detection of PMEs (phosphocholine (PC), phosphoethanolamine (PE)) and PDEs (glycerophosphocholine (GPC), glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE)) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, current applications of 31 P MRS are generally restricted to relatively small volumes such as the brain, breast and calf muscle, as small birdcage or conventional surface coils are used . Conventional surface coils require high energy adiabatic RF pulses to achieve flip angle homogeneity, as inhomogeneous excitation leads to discrepancies in spectra over larger fields of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low SAR ³¹P (multi‐echo) spectroscopic imaging using an integrated whole‐body transmit coil at 7T

et al. 2019

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Phosphorus (31P) MRSI provides opportunities to monitor potential biomarkers. However, current applications of 31P MRS are generally restricted to relatively small volumes as small coils are used. Conventional surface coils require high energy adiabatic RF pulses to achieve flip angle homogeneity, leading to high specific absorption rates (SARs), and occupy space within the MRI bore. A birdcage coil behind the bore cover can potentially reduce the SAR constraints massively by use of conventional amplitude modulated pulses without sacrificing patient space. Here, we demonstrate that the integrated 31P birdcage coil setup with a high power RF amplifier at 7 T allows for low flip angle excitations with short repetition time (T R) for fast 3D chemical shift imaging (CSI) and 3D T 1‐weighted CSI as well as high flip angle multi‐refocusing pulses, enabling multi‐echo CSI that can measure metabolite T 2, over a large field of view in the body. B 1 + calibration showed a variation of only 30% in maximum B 1 in four volunteers. High signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) MRSI was obtained in the gluteal muscle using two fast in vivo 3D spectroscopic imaging protocols, with low and high flip angles, and with multi‐echo MRSI without exceeding SAR levels. In addition, full liver MRSI was achieved within SAR constraints. The integrated 31P body coil allowed for fast spectroscopic imaging and successful implementation of the multi‐echo method in the body at 7 T. Moreover, no additional enclosing hardware was needed for 31P excitation, paving the way to include larger subjects and more space for receiver arrays. The increase in possible number of RF excitations per scan time, due to the improved B 1 + homogeneity and low SAR, allows SNR to be exchanged for spatial resolution in CSI and/or T 1 weighting by simply manipulating T R and/or flip angle to detect and quantify ratios from different molecular species.

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In-vivo 31P-MRS of skeletal muscle and liver: A way for non-invasive assessment of their metabolism

Cited by 82 publications

References 271 publications

Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review

Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review

Multiorgan, Multimodality Imaging in Cardiometabolic Disease

Low SAR ³¹P (multi‐echo) spectroscopic imaging using an integrated whole‐body transmit coil at 7T

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In-vivo 31P-MRS of skeletal muscle and liver: A way for non-invasive assessment of their metabolism

Cited by 82 publications

References 271 publications

Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review

Assessing tissue metabolism by phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging: a methodology review

Multiorgan, Multimodality Imaging in Cardiometabolic Disease

Low SAR 31P (multi‐echo) spectroscopic imaging using an integrated whole‐body transmit coil at 7T

Contact Info

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Low SAR ³¹P (multi‐echo) spectroscopic imaging using an integrated whole‐body transmit coil at 7T