In Vivo acrylamide exposure may cause severe toxicity to mouse oocytes through its metabolite glycidamide

Abstract

High acrylamide (ACR) content in heat-processed carbohydrate-rich foods, as well as roasted products such as coffee, almonds etc., has been found to be as a risk factor for carcinogenicity and genotoxicity by The World Health Organization. Glycidamide (GLY), the epoxide metabolite of ACR, is processed by the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system and has also been found to be a genotoxic agent. The aim of this study was to determine whether ACR and/or GLY have any detrimental effect on the meiotic cell division of oocytes. For this purpose, germinal vesicle-stage mouse oocytes were treated with 0, 100, 500, or 1000 μM ACR or 0, 25, or 250 μM GLY in vitro. In vivo experiments were performed after an intraperitoneal injection of 25 mg/kg/day ACR of female BALB/c mice for 7 days. The majority of in vitro ACR-treated oocytes reached the metaphase-II stage following 18 hours of incubation, which was not significantly different from the control group. Maturation of the oocytes derived from in vivo ACR-treated mice was impaired significantly. Oocytes, reaching the M-II stage in the in vivo ACR-treated group, were characterized by a decrease in meiotic spindle mass and an increase in chromosomal disruption. In vitro GLY treatment resulted in the degeneration of all oocytes, indicating that ACR toxicity on female germ cells may occur through its metabolite, GLY. Thus, ACR exposure must be considered, together with its metabolite GLY, when female fertility is concerned.

Toxicological Evaluation of Palm Oil and Components

“…1,50 Palm yağının akrolein emisyonunun araştırıldığı bir başka çalışmada ise karşılaştırma için ayçiçek ve zeytinyağı kullanılmış; genel olarak sıcaklık arttıkça akroleinin daha yüksek oranda oluştuğu; fakat palmiye yağının ayçiçek ve zeytinyağına göre daha güvenilir olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. 1,51 Sonuçta palm yağının akrilamid ve akrolein oluşumuna olan etkisinin sıcaklık ve kızartılan ürünlerin türü ile yakından ilgisi olduğuna karar verilmiştir. 6,52 Akrilamid, haşlanmış gıdalardan ziyade fırınlanmış veya kızartılmış gıdalar ya da mikrodalga uygulamalarına maruz kalmış besinlerde daha fazla bulunmaktadır.…”

“…49 Temel metabolit olan glisidamid, karsinojenik bir epoksittir (oksijen ve karbondan oluşan bir bileşik) ve akrilamide göre daha karsinojenik ve genotoksik özellikler göstermektedir. 6,51 Glisidamid, epoksit hidrolaz ile hidrolize olup vücuttan uzaklaştırılabilmektedir. 49 TABLO 5: Bazı gıdaların akrilamid içerikleri.…”

“…Temel atım yolu merkaptürik asit konjugatları şeklinde idrarla eliminasyondur. 49,51 %90'dan fazlası metabolitlerinden, %2'den azı ise değişmeden atılmaktadır. Akrilamid vücutta akümüle olmamaktadır.…”

Sensors Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

“…Choice of polyacrylamide for the MIPs is not surprising when considered its availability, low price and experiences from electrophoretic experiments. Despite many parameters of acrylamide are promising, toxicity and carcinogenicity of acrylamide should be also emphasized as a risk factor [45,46]. Manipulation with acrylamide before polymerization should be made in specialized laboratories.…”

Review on Chronic Exposure of Acrylamide Causes a Neurotoxicity Risk

“…The potato chips contain higher amounts of ACR than any other foodstuffs (Table 1). ACR and acrylonitrile act as a neurotoxic agent for prolonged and chronic exposures [12,13]. The fast-food restaurant workers found to be higher levels of ACR due to occupational hazards and ACR inhalation [14].…”