In-Vivo Alpha-Amylase and Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Solanum anomalum Leaf Extract and Fractions

Abstract

Solanum anomalum Thonn. ex Schumach. (family Solanaceae), an edible shrub whose fruits and leaves are used medicinally to treat diseases including diabetes was evaluated for effect on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes in vivo. The leaf extract (70-210 mg/kg) and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, 140 mg/kg) of S. anomalum were evaluated in vivo for inhibitory effect on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes using starch, sucrose and maltose as substrates. Acarbose was used as reference drug. The leaf extract especially middle dose (140 mg/kg) and fractions (ethyl acetate and hexane) caused significant (p<0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels of treated with the various substrates used. Ethyl acetate fraction exerted the highest inhibitory effect when starch and maltose were used as substrates followed by n-hexane and methanol. n-Hexane was the most active fraction followed by ethyl acetate when sucrose was used as substrate. The results suggest that the leaf extract and fractions of S. anomalum have the potentials to inhibit alpha amylase and glucosidase in rats.

Hippocratea africana Root Extract and Fractions Ameliorates Paracetamol (PCM)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Liver Injuries in Rats

“…This effect could be due to the free radicals scavenging potentials of the root extract/fractions and its antioxidative stress activity [6,11]. These activities can be linked to the phytochemical constituents of the root extract, such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and xanthones, which have previously been reported to be present [6,11,14].…”

“…For the treatment of liver conditions including hepatitis and jaundice, the plant's root is also used for its antidote or antipoison properties [3][4][5]. It has been reported that the root extract has antimalarial [2,6], antioedema and antinociceptive [7], antidiabetic and hypolipidemic [8,9], antidiarrhoeal and antiulcer [10], hepatoprotective [11], antileishmanial, cytotoxicity and cellular antioxidant [12], antibacterial, anticonvulsant and depressant [13], in vivo alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory [6], in vitro antioxidant [9,14] activities. Previous research has indicated that the ethyl acetate fraction contains spirohexane-1-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester, 3methoxy-2-methylphenol, 2,3-benzofurandione, 6-hydroxy-4-(p-hydroxybenzyl), თ-3-Carene, and α-terpineol [15] and the n-hexane fraction of the root exract contains monoterpenes (limonene, thujene, linalool, α-phellandrene, α-terpineol, and sabinene) and sesquiterpenes (dehydromevalonic lactone).…”

An In Silico In Vitro and In Vivo Study on the Influence of an Eggplant Fruit (Solanum anguivi Lam) Diet on Metabolic Dysfunction in the Sucrose-Induced Diabetic-like Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)

“…The ripe eggplant fruits are usually discarded partly due to their low acceptability and the ignorance of their benefits and thus are among the post-harvest food crops lost after harvest in Nigeria, West Africa. Meanwhile, a study [10] showed that ripening brings changes in the fruit content of phenolic compounds, organic acids, and carbohydrates, as well as in its color, texture, and flavor [10].…”

Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Activities of Hippocratea africana Loes. Ex. Engl. Celastraceae Root Extract

“…"The plant's root is also use for its antidote or antipoison potential to treat liver diseases such as jaundice and hepatitis" [3,4,5]. Previous reports showed that the root extract possess antimalarial [2,6], antioedema and antinociceptive [7], antidiabetic and hypolipidemic [8,9], antidiarrhoeal and antiulcer [10], hepatoprotective [11], antileishmanial, cytotoxicity and cellular antioxidant [12], antibacterial, anticonvulsant and depressant [13], in vivo alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory [6], in vitro antioxidant [6,9] activities. Earlier studies had reported the presence of spirohexane-1-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester, 3-methoxy-2-methylphenol,2,3benzofurandione,6-hydroxy-4-(p-hydroxybenzyl), ᵟ-3-Carene and α-terpineol in ethyl acetate fraction [14] and the presence of monoterpenes (thujene, limonene, linalool, αphellandrene, α-terpineol and sabinene) and sesquiterpenes (dehydromevalonic lactone), in the n-hexane fraction of the root extract [11].…”