In Vivo Analysis of Extract of Leaves of Mistletoe as a Benalu Duku: Clinical Chemical Value Associated with Histopathology, Liver, Kidneys, and Lethal Dose Determinate

Abstract

The active compounds from the leaves of Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq., also known as, Benalu Duku (in Indonesia), are known to contain progesterone-like compounds (PLCs). This study aims to determine the effect of giving a single dose of PLCs on liver and kidney function in rats and the dose limit that causes the death of experimental animals. The PLCs were analyzed for chemical and physical characterization and compared to a pure standard of progesterone using HPLC, IR spectrometry, thermogravimetry, and NMR. The research was carried out in two sections. In section one, thirty-five healthy adult male rats were divided into six experimental groups and a control group of five rats each. The groups received, respectively, 50 to 75 mg/kg of PLCs (i.p.). The control group was given a 0.5 mL Aqua Pro injection. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were assessed using the clinical chemistry of blood serum analysis. Cell disruptions were analyzed to determine the degeneration effects of PLCs on the liver and kidney in the experimental and control groups. In section two, thirty healthy adult male rats were divided into 6 groups, each group of 5 rats, and injected with PLCs at a dose of 0.9–2.1 g/kg BW, followed by a lethal dose test. The control groups were available for 5 individual rats at 0 g/kg BW of PLCs. Our findings indicated that PLCs have a similarity chemical and physical characterized each other compounds, then the following administration of 50 to 75 mg/kg of PLCs did not affect the parameters of clinical chemistry. Histopathology analysis of the liver and kidney revealed normal subcellular levels in the experimental group, with the nonlethal dose at 0.9 g/kg BW.

In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease

“…The technique was also carried out on a standard compound (quercetin). 6,27,28 Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR) were performed using a JEOL NMR (JNM ECS-400, 400 MHz). Analysis of NMR protons and NMR carbons begins by dissolving analytes (QLCs) using the solvent-deuterated methanol (CD3OD), as well as the comparison compound (quercetin).…”

“…4 In terms of its antiviral properties, there are generally three main places where functional groups may cause these effects, namely complex aromatic structures, electron attractor groups, and quercetin analogs. 5,6 That concept can be explained using theory based on quantification structure-activity relationship versus virus agents. As an anti-virus, it is suitable for killing viruses that live and develop in host eukaryote cells that have the property of being able to regrow themselves against eukaryote cells that have been damaged such as intestinal cells, skin epithelial cells, epithelial cells of the reproductive tract.…”

Efficacy of quercetin-like compounds from the mistletoe plant of Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq, as oral random blood sugar lowering treatment in diabetic rats

“…Recent research has demonstrated that the percolation of mistletoe leaves from Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq, or benalu duku as it is known in Indonesia, is known to potentially have anticancer, antivirus, and antidiabetic activity (Lazuardi et al. 2022 ; Kong et al. 2023 ).…”

“…The multilevel maceration technique produces compounds rich in polyphenols and a small amount of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins (Lazuardi et al. 2022 ). This is possible considering that the plant is known to contain quercetin-like compounds (QLCs) as secondary metabolites or analytes that have a protective role on the surface of eukaryote cells.…”

“…Although analytes serve as protectors of eukaryotic cells, they also affect chemical components that can damage the cells (Lazuardi et al. 2022 ; Michala and Pritsa 2022 ). The relationship between the role of polyphenol and tannin elements causes the superiority of the secondary metabolites from plants that are used as Cardinale remediums .…”