In vivo and in vitro hamster models in the assessment of virulence of recombinant influenza viruses

Heath, Andrew W.; Addison, Caroline; Ali, M.; Teale, David M.; Potter, C. W.

doi:10.1016/0166-3542(83)90003-7

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nevertheless, reasons of practicality limit the use of ferrets in academic research, with the result that the number of influenza virus studies performed in mice far outweighs that in ferrets, despite the superiority of the ferret model. Occasionally, hamsters have been used as an experimental model for influenza virus infection (32)(33)(34), and, in one report, they were shown to be competent for transmission. Hamster-to-hamster spread was not observed between adjacent cages, and the consistency with which transmission occurred varied with the virus strain that was analyzed (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The guinea pig as a transmission model for human influenza viruses

Lowen

Mubareka

Tumpey

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

316

336

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The severity of epidemic and pandemic influenza outbreaks is dictated in part by the efficiency with which the causative strain transmits between human hosts. The mechanisms underlying influenza virus spread are poorly understood, in part because of the lack of a convenient animal model to study this phenomenon. Indeed, despite extremely efficient transmission among humans and virulence in the mouse model, we have shown that even the 1918 pandemic influenza virus does not transmit between mice. We therefore evaluated the guinea pig as a model mammalian host for influenza virus. Using the recent human isolate A͞Panama͞ 2007͞99 (Pan͞99) (H3N2) virus, we found that guinea pigs were highly susceptible to infection with the unadapted virus (ID 50 ‫؍‬ 5 plaque-forming units). Pan͞99 virus grew to high titers in the upper respiratory tract and was shed in nasal washings of infected animals. Moreover, influenza virus was transmitted from infected guinea pigs to noninfected guinea pigs housed in the same cage, an adjacent cage, and a cage placed 91 cm away. Our results demonstrate that influenza virus can pass between guinea pigs by means of droplet spread and thereby establish the suitability of the guinea pig as a model host for influenza virus transmission studies.avian influenza virus ͉ contact spread ͉ droplet spread ͉ pandemic ͉ sentinel

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The guinea pig as a transmission model for human influenza viruses

Lowen

Mubareka

Tumpey

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

316

336

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“…Several animal species can be experimentally infected with influenza viruses (Luke and Subbarao, 2008;van der Laan et al, 2008). Ferrets and mice (UNIT 15G.3) are the most commonly used models; however, hamsters (Abou-Donia et al, 1980;Heath et al, 1983;Subbarao et al, 1993), guinea pigs (Phair et al, 1979;Lowen et al, 2006), cotton rats (Sigmodon;Niewisk and Prince, 2002;Ottolini et al, 2005), and rats (Rattus; Teh et al, 1980) have also been used for influenza research. The protocols in this unit describe intranasal administration of influenza virus to lightly anesthetized ferrets, observation of clinical illness where relevant, collection of organs for virologic analysis, methods to quantify virus load in tissues, and processing of tissues for histopathologic examination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ferret Model for Influenza

2009

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A major challenge in influenza research is the selection of an appropriate animal model that accurately reflects the disease and protective immune response to influenza infection in humans. Ferrets are exquisitely susceptible to infection with human influenza viruses and are widely believed to be the ideal small animal model for influenza research. Mice have also been used for influenza vaccine research for decades. Ferrets are used as an animal model for the study of influenza because they are susceptible to human influenza viruses and develop some of the symptoms of influenza that are seen in humans. Although they are not discussed in detail in this unit, hamsters, guinea pigs, and both cotton rats (Sigmodon) and rats (Rattus) have also been used for influenza research. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 13:15G.2.1‐15G.2.29. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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“…These findings point at the future possible role of the original and multiply passaged H9N2 viruses in human pandemics, since the replication of H9N2 AI viruses in hamsters' lungs is highly correlated to their virulence in humans [34,28]. In this context, human A/HK/1073/99 H9N2 viruses were recovered from 100% of the lungs of hamsters three days following the challenge with a dose of 10 2.3 EID 50 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Passaging impact of H9N2 avian influenza virus in hamsters on its pathogenicity and genetic variability

Shaib

Cochet

Ribeiro

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Avian influenza viruses of the H9N2 subtype have been reported to cause human infections. This study demonstrates the impact of nasal viral passaging of avian H9N2 in hamsters on its cross species-pathogenic adaptability and variability of amino acid sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) stalk. Methodology: Three intranasal passagings of avian H9N2 in hamsters P1, P2, and P3 were accomplished. Morbidity signs and lesions were observed three days post viral inoculation. The HA test was used for presumptive detection of H9N2 virus in the trachea and lungs of the hamsters challenged with the differently passaged viruses. Different primers were used for PCR amplification of the HA1 and NA stalk regions of the differently passaged H9N2 viruses, followed by sequence alignment. Results: The morbidity signs indicated low pathogenicity of the differently passaged H9N2 viruses in hamsters. The frequency of gross and microscopic lesions in the tracheas and lungs were insignificantly different among hamsters challenged with the differently passaged H9N2 viruses (p > 0.05). There was 100% similarity in the amino acid sequence of the HA gene of most passaged viruses. The amino acid sequence of the neuraminidase in the third passaged H9N2 virus recovered from lungs showed a R46P mutation that might have a role in the pathogenic adaptability of P3 viruses in hamsters' lungs. Conclusions: The apparent adaptation of avian H9N2 virus to mammalian cells is in agreement with the World Health Organization's alertness for a possible public health threat by this adaptable virus.

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In vivo and in vitro hamster models in the assessment of virulence of recombinant influenza viruses

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

The guinea pig as a transmission model for human influenza viruses

The guinea pig as a transmission model for human influenza viruses

The Ferret Model for Influenza

Passaging impact of H9N2 avian influenza virus in hamsters on its pathogenicity and genetic variability

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