In Vivo Assessment of the Calcium Salt-Forming Ability of a New Calcium Silicate-Based Intracanal Medicament: Bio-C Temp

Abstract

Calcium salt precipitation induced by intracanal medicaments contributes to the formation of apical hard tissue during apexification. This study compared the calcium salt-forming ability of a new calcium silicate-based intracanal medicament (Bio-C Temp) with that of two commercial calcium hydroxide pastes (Calcipex Plane II and Vitapex) in a rat subcutaneous implantation model. Polytetrafluoroethylene tubes containing each of the three materials were subcutaneously implanted in 4-week-old male Wistar rats. After 28 days, the composition and amount of calcium salts formed at the material–tissue interface were assessed using micro-Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and elemental mapping. The tested materials produced white precipitates that had Raman spectra with peaks corresponding to hydroxyapatite and calcite. X-ray diffraction detected hydroxyapatite formation on Calcipex Plane II and Vitapex implants, as well as calcite formation on all three materials. Elemental mapping revealed that Bio-C Temp generated significantly smaller calcium- and phosphorus-rich calcified regions within the subcutaneous connective tissue than Vitapex. These results indicate that Bio-C Temp produced less calcium salt in rat subcutaneous tissue than Vitapex, although all materials formed hydroxyapatite and calcite in rat subcutaneous tissue. Bio-C Temp could be less effective than Vitapex in promoting apical hard tissue formation during apexification.

Bioactive potential of Bio-C Temp demonstrated by systemic mineralization markers and immunoexpression of bone proteins in the rat connective tissue

“…Although calcium hydroxide is not present in the composition of Bio-C Temp, the calcium silicate-based materials induce the mineralization due to the formation of calcium silicate gel and calcium hydroxide, in consequence, to its hydration [ 25 , 28 ], releasing calcium and hydroxyl ions, and increasing the pH of the medium [ 19 ]. After 7 days, there is evidence showing that Bio-C Temp provides pH around 10.79 [ 19 ].…”

“…Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase activity and deposition of mineralized nodules have been shown in human osteoblast-like cell line (Saos-2) culture containing diluted extracts of Bio-C Temp [ 23 ], suggesting that this medication could present a bioactive potential. However, Bio-C Temp implanted into subcutaneous tissues for 28 days promoted a lower amount of calcium and phosphorous deposits than the Vitapex, a calcium hydroxide intracanal medication [ 25 ].…”

Biocompatibility, Biomineralization and Induction of Collagen Maturation with the Use of Calcium Hydroxide and Iodoform Intracanal Dressing

“…The skin was reflected to create two pockets on the right side (upper and lower) and two other pockets on the left side of the incision (upper and lower). Four polyethylene tubes containing the described materials, along with an empty tube, were implanted in the dorsal region of each animal [25] and the skin was sutured with a 4-0 nylon suture (Shalon Suturas, Montes Belos, GO, Brazil).…”

Effect of bioceramic intracanal medication on the dentinal bond strength of bioceramic cements: an ex-vivo study

“…Bio-C Temp has been reported to have a bioactive ability that supports the survival and differentiation of osteoblasts, promoting periapical repair ( Edanami et al, 2023 ; Lopes et al, 2024 ). Some studies have examined Bio-C Temp’s effects on dentin microhardness ( Alshamrani et al, 2024 ), sealer bond strength ( Escobar et al, 2023 ; Alshamrani et al, 2024 ), and tooth discoloration ( de Campos et al, 2023 ).…”