In Vivo Assessment of the Effects of Mono-Carrier Encapsulated Fucoxanthin Nanoparticles on Type 2 Diabetic C57 Mice and Their Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Fucoxanthin (FX) is a carotenoid from a marine origin that has an important role in our health, especially in the regulation and alleviation of type 2 diabetes. Its specific molecular structure makes it very unstable, which greatly affects its delivery in the body. In this study, FX was encapsulated in a mono-carrier using a hydrolyzed zein to form a nanocomplex with a stable structure and chemical properties (FZNP). Its stability was demonstrated by characterization and the efficacy of FX before and after encapsulation in alleviating diabetes in mice, which was evaluated by in vivo experiments. FZNP reduced the level of fasting blood glucose and restored it to normal levels in T2DM mice, which was not caused by a decrease in food intake, and effectively reduced oxidative stress in the organism. Both FX and FZNP repaired the hepatocyte and pancreatic β-cell damage, increased serum SOD and reduced INS values significantly, upregulated PI3K-AKT genes as well as CaMK and GNAs expression in the pancreas. FZNP increased ADPN and GSH-PX values more significantly and it decreased serum HOMA-IR and MDA values, upregulated GLUT2 expression, promoted glucose transport in pancreatic and hepatocytes, regulated glucose metabolism and glycogen synthesis with much superior effects than FX.

Morin-Based Nanoparticles for Regulation of Blood Glucose

“…Mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of an insulin solution (0.5 U/kg) for the ITT. Before feeding glucose (0 min), as well as 30, 60, 90, and 120 min following, blood samples were taken from each group . Using a glucometer (Sinocare, China), we determined blood glucose levels.…”

“…Before feeding glucose (0 min), as well as 30, 60, 90, and 120 min following, blood samples were taken from each group. 40 Using a glucometer (Sinocare, China), we determined blood glucose levels.…”

Recent Advances in the Therapeutic Potential of Carotenoids in Preventing and Managing Metabolic Disorders

“…Recently, it was documented that fucoxanthin and zein hydrolysate encapsulated into NPs diminished liver pathology, decreased blood glucose levels, influenced the expression of genes (e.g., GLP-1, GLUT2, and PI3K) related to glucose metabolism, and improved the restoration of intestinal microorganisms correlated to the gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice [ 175 ]. In other studies, fucoxanthin into hydrolyzed zein nanocomplexes has been reported to decrease and restore fasting blood glucose levels in DM2 mice (C57BL/6) while affecting oxidative stress, enhancing SOD and GSH-PX levels, upregulating GLUT2 expression, promoting repair of hepatocyte and pancreatic β-cell damage, and regulating glycogen synthesis in the same model [ 176 ].…”