In vivo cellular and molecular study on duck spleen infected by duck Tembusu virus

Sun, Xuejing; Li, Wenqian; Liu, Enxue; Haixiang, Huang; Wang, Taozhi; Wang, Xindong; Shi, Yonghong; Yang, Ping; Chen, Qiusheng

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.12.003

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…DTMUV caused obvious gross pathologies and histopathologic lesions in duck spleens and brains (Figures 2, 3). These changes are consistent with other's reports (Lv et al, 2019;Sun et al, 2019a). And we first found that the levels of autophagy were positively correlated with the degree of tissue damages induced by DTMUV infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Autophagy Is a Potential Therapeutic Target Against Duck Tembusu Virus Infection in vivo

Pan

Cheng

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Duck tembusu virus (DTMUV) is newly emerged in poultry and causes great losses to the breeding industry in China and neighboring countries. Effective antiviral strategies are still being studied. Autophagy is a cellular degradative pathway, and our lab's previous data show that autophagy promotes DTMUV replication in vitro. To study the role of autophagy further in vivo, we utilized ducks as the animal model to investigate the autophagy responses in DTMUV-targeted tissues. And also, we utilized autophagy regulators, including Rapamycin (Rapa) as the autophagy enhancer, 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) and Chloroquine (CQ) as the autophagy inhibitors, to adjust the host autophagic levels and then study the effects of autophagy on tissue damages and virus replication. As a result, we first found DTMUV infection trigged autophagy and autophagy regulator treatments regulated autophagy levels successfully in duck spleens and brains. Next, we found that autophagy inhibitors inhibited DTMUV replication and alleviated DTMUV-induced pathological symptoms, whereas the autophagy inducer treatment led to the opposite effects. And we also found that autophagic regulation was correlated with the expression of innate immune genes, including pattern recognition receptors, type I interferons, and cytokines, and caused different effects in different tissues. In summary, we demonstrated that autophagy facilitated DTMUV replication, aggravated the developments of pathological symptoms and possibly counteracts the host's innate immunity response in vivo.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Autophagy Is a Potential Therapeutic Target Against Duck Tembusu Virus Infection in vivo

Pan

Cheng

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Meanwhile, we also have found that the phagocytosis of macrophages recovered. The macrophages assembled in PELS and subsequently migrated into PALS [35]. The location was consistent with that of BSB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…DTMUV have the tropism of immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages. In our recent study, we have found that DTMUV mainly caused vacuolar degeneration of macrophages and lymphocytes in PELS [35]. The structure of the barrier was destroyed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamic distribution of duck Tembusu virus in the spleen of infected shelducks

et al. 2019

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Background Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a novel member of Flavivirus . The isolated and purified DTMUV strain XZ-2012 was used as a strain model, to intramuscularly inject the six-month egg-laying shelducks with the infective dose of 10 4 TCID 50 . The dynamic distribution of the virus in spleen at different time post-infection (pi) was studied using RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Result The results showed that the virus occurred in the spleen after 2 hpi and lasted up to 18 dpi. The registered viral load increased from 2 hpi to 3 dpi, and then it diminished from 6 dpi to 18 dpi with a slight rise at 12 dpi. From 2 hpi to 6 dpi the DTMUV particles were mostly distributed in the periellipsoidal lymphatic sheath (PELS) of spleen white pulp, few being found in the sheathed capillary. From 9 dpi to 18 dpi, the DTMUV particles were migrating into periarterial lymphatic sheaths (PALS) around the central artery through the red pulp. Under TEM, the virus particles could be observed mostly in lymphocytes and macrophages. Conclusion It was suggested that DTMUV invaded lymphocytes and macrophages of the spleen at 2 hpi and replicated significantly from 1 dpi to 3 dpi, being eliminated from 9 dpi to 18 dpi. This is the first study on the dynamic distribution of DTMUV from invasion to elimination in duck spleen conducted by molecular and morphological methods. It could provide theoretical basis for the occurrence, development and detoxification of the virus in the organs of the immune system.

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“…Fish RIG-I like receptors (RLRs) have been shown to be regulated by the expression of alternate splicing isoforms (358, 362), which have also been found to occur with a dominant-negative splice variant of the human RIG-I (363). RIG-I and MDA5 have also been found to participate in anti-viral signaling in ducks (364–367) and geese (340, 368, 369), and MDA5 alone in chickens (370–372) and other birds (373). The observation across species of RLR's performing compensatory mechanisms when a function or a pathway protein is absent is reiterated in birds, as MDA5 has been found to sense short and long dsRNA in chickens (372) and in the Chinese shrew (374), both of which lack RIG-I.…”

Section: Evolution and Speciation Of Rig-i/mda5 And Rig-i/mda5-like Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Structure and Function Analysis of the RIG-I-Like Receptors: RIG-I and MDA5

2019

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RIG-I (Retinoic acid-inducible gene I) and MDA5 (Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5), collectively known as the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), are key protein sensors of the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in the form of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) motifs to induce expression of type 1 interferons (IFN1) (IFNα and IFNβ) and other pro-inflammatory cytokines during the early stage of viral infection. While RIG-I and MDA5 share many genetic, structural and functional similarities, there is increasing evidence that they can have significantly different strategies to recognize different pathogens, PAMPs, and in different host species. This review article discusses the similarities and differences between RIG-I and MDA5 from multiple perspectives, including their structures, evolution and functional relationships with other cellular proteins, their differential mechanisms of distinguishing between host and viral dsRNAs and interactions with host and viral protein factors, and their immunogenic signaling. A comprehensive comparative analysis can help inform future studies of RIG-I and MDA5 in order to fully understand their functions in order to optimize potential therapeutic approaches targeting them.

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In vivo cellular and molecular study on duck spleen infected by duck Tembusu virus

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Autophagy Is a Potential Therapeutic Target Against Duck Tembusu Virus Infection in vivo

Autophagy Is a Potential Therapeutic Target Against Duck Tembusu Virus Infection in vivo

The dynamic distribution of duck Tembusu virus in the spleen of infected shelducks

Comparative Structure and Function Analysis of the RIG-I-Like Receptors: RIG-I and MDA5

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