Microspheres containing cisplatin (CDDP) embedded in poly‐d,l‐lactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol acid (CDDP‐PPMS) were developed to improve treatment of malignant effusions. In vitro studies demonstrated that CDDP was released continuously for more than 4 weeks from CDDP‐PPMS without initial burst. CDDP‐PPMS was compared with CDDP aqueous solution (CDDP‐SOL) by i.p. administration in rats for 1) tissue distribution, 2) toxicity and 3) therapeutic effects against Yoshida sarcoma. We found that the CDDP concentration in the omentum was maintained at a higher level than in the CDDP‐SOL group, while the particles of CDDP‐PPMS were observed in the stomata of the omentum by electron microscopy. Concentrations of CDDP in the lung, liver, kidney and blood were lower in the CDDP‐PPMS group than in the CDDP‐SOL group. All rats given CDDP‐PPMS containing ≤28 mg/kg were alive, whereas in the CDDP‐SOL group, all rats given ≥16 mg/kg died from side effects. The LD50 of CDDP‐PPMS and CDDP‐SOL were 32.8 and 14.8 mg/kg, respectively. The survival of rats with peritoneal metastasis was better in the CDDP‐PPMS group than in the CDDP‐SOL group. Int. J. Cancer 76:709–712, 1998.© 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.