In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in a Patient With Keratopigmentation (Corneal Tattooing)

Abstract

In vivo confocal microscopy can be used for monitoring keratopigmentation. The findings may serve to distinguish keratopigmentations from other pigmented corneal lesions.

Corneal tattooing (keratopigmentation) with new mineral micronised pigments to restore cosmetic appearance in severely impaired eyes

“…We have also reported the combined use of the two surgical approaches: dying the anterior corneal surface (SCS) and introducing the pigment directly into the corneal stroma (ICS). Previous investigations have proven the good corneal tolerance to KTP performed with other dyes,16–19 even though granulomatous keratitis was reported in one case,20 which demonstrates that long-term follow-up and studies such as those carried out using the confocal microscope should be made to finally establish the tolerance and stability of new dyes used for KTP 19…”

Shave Excision With Keratopigmentation for Limbal Dermoid

“…Dyes can be in the form of powder, paste, colloid, or solution. [9][10][11][12][13] Metallic salts, India ink, commercially available drawing ink, tattooing ink for dermatological use, and organic and vegetable dyes have been used for corneal tattooing. Technique of application includes anterior stromal puncture, surface tattooing after epithelial debridement, and stromal tattooing after creating a microkeratome or femtosecond-based lap.…”

Intrastromal Injection of China Painting Ink in Corneas of Male Rabbits: Clinical and Histological Study

“…Kobayashi and Sugiyama used metallic colors in powder form, various organic dyes, and uveal pigment from animal eyes. Two different methods exist: chemical dyeing with gold or platinum chloride and carbon impregnation [ 8 ].…”

“…Galen and Aetius in their technique cauterise the desired area of corneal surface with a heated stilet, and then they would apply the dye to the eye and they used different types of dyes such as powdered nutgalls and iron or copper sulphate [ 7 ]. This technique was used only in blind eyes with corneal leukoma with no vision [ 8 ].…”

“…He found that this electrical needle introduces the dye more rapidly and reliably than traditional methods of tattooing. Armagnac used China ink by use of a small funnel that he fixed to the cornea and then put into the instrument and tattoo was done with a needle [ 8 ]. Morax described a new technique by splitting the corneal tissue into two vertical layers; then dye was introduced between two layers; and strong compression by dressing over the eye was done [ 7 ].…”