In vivo determination of dermal water content in chronological skin aging by confocal Raman spectroscopy

Téllez-Soto, Claudio A.; Silva, Michely G. Pereira; Santos, Laurita dos; Mendes, Thiago de Oliveira; Singh, Priyanka; Fortes, Sabrina A.; Fávero, P. P.; Martin, Aírton Abrahão

doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2020.103196

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Thus, elderly skin dryness observed on the surface is not necessarily correlated with low SC hydration. Moreover, there is no correlation with dermis water content as elderly skin dermis contains more water than young adult skin (Kligman, 1979; Nakagawa, Matsumoto & Sakai, 2010, Téllez‐Soto et al ., 2021).…”

Section: Functional Features Of Newborn and Elderly Skin Favouring Pi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Newborn and elderly skin: two fragile skins at higher risk of pressure injury

Bengy¹,

Lamartine

Sigaudo‐Roussel

et al. 2021

Biological Reviews

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Skin is a key organ maintaining internal homeostasis by performing many functions such as water loss prevention, body temperature regulation and protection from noxious substance absorption, microorganism intrusion and physical trauma. Skin ageing has been well studied and it is well known that physiological changes in the elderly result in higher skin fragility favouring the onset of skin diseases. For example, prolonged and/or high‐intensity pressure may suppress local blood flow more easily, disturbing cell metabolism and inducing pressure injury (PI) formation. Pressure injuries (PIs) represent a significant problem worldwide and their prevalence remains too high. A higher PI prevalence is correlated with an elderly population. Newborn skin evolution has been less studied, but some data also report a higher PI prevalence in this population compared to older children, and several authors also consider this skin as physiologically fragile. In this review, we compare the characteristics of newborn and elderly skin in order to determine common features that may explain their fragility, especially regarding PI risk. We show that, despite differences in appearance, they share many common features leading to higher fragility to shear and pressure forces, not only at the structural level but also at the cellular and molecular level and in terms of physiology. Both newborn and elderly skin have: (i) a thinner epidermis; (ii) a thinner dermis containing a less‐resistant collagen network, a higher collagen III:collagen I ratio and less elastin; (iii) a flatter dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ) with lower anchoring systems; and (iv) a thinner hypodermis, resulting in lower mechanical resistance to skin damage when pressure or shear forces are applied. At the molecular level, reduced expression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and its receptor TGFβ receptor II (TβRII) is involved in the decreased production and/or increased degradation of various dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Epidermal fragility also involves a higher skin pH which decreases the activity of key enzymes inducing ceramide deficiency and reduced barrier protection. This seems to be correlated with higher PI prevalence in some situations. Some data also suggest that stratum corneum (SC) dryness, which may disturb cell metabolism, also increases the risk of PI formation. Besides this structural fragility, several skin functions are also less efficient. Low applied pressures induce skin vessel vasodilation via a mechanism called pressure‐induced vasodilation (PIV). Individuals lacking a normal PIV response show an early decrease in cutaneous blood flow in response to the application of very low pressures, reflecting vascular fragility of the skin that increases the risk of ulceration. Due to changes in endothelial function, skin PIV ability decreases during skin ageing, putting it at higher risk of PI formation. In newborns, some data lead us to hypothesize that the nitric oxide (NO) pathway is not fully functional at birth, which m...

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Section: Functional Features Of Newborn and Elderly Skin Favouring Pi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Newborn and elderly skin: two fragile skins at higher risk of pressure injury

Bengy¹,

Lamartine

Sigaudo‐Roussel

et al. 2021

Biological Reviews

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“…However, at the equilibrium stage, the water content of the hydrogel was calculated. CHAF_1 showed approximately 71.8% ± 12.7% of water content, which is close to human dermis water content [42]. These outcomes suggest that the hydrogel may closely resemble human skin and provide a suitable environment for host cells [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Bioinspired Collagen/Hyaluronic Acid/Fibrin-Based Hydrogels for Soft Tissue Engineering: Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Characterization

Bindi,

Perioli,

Melo

et al. 2023

JFB

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A major challenge for future drug development comprises finding alternative models for drug screening. The use of animal models in research is highly controversial, with an ongoing debate on their ethical acceptability. Also, animal models are often poorly predictive of therapeutic outcomes due to the differences between animal and human physiological environments. In this study, we aimed to develop a biomimetic hydrogel that replicates the composition of skin for potential use in in vitro modeling within tissue engineering. The hydrogel was fabricated through the crosslinking of collagen type I, hyaluronic acid, four-arm PEG succinimidyl glutarate (4S-StarPEG), and fibrinogen. Various ratios of these components were systematically optimized to achieve a well-interconnected porosity and desirable rheological properties. To evaluate the hydrogel’s cytocompatibility, fibroblasts were embedded within the matrix. The resulting hydrogel exhibited promising properties as a scaffold, also facilitating the growth of and proliferation of the cells. This biomimetic hydrogel holds great potential for tissue engineering applications, particularly in skin regeneration and cancer research. The study used melanoma spheroids fabricated using the 96-round bottom well plate method as a potential application. The results demonstrate that the developed hydrogels allowed the maintenance of spheroid integrity and viability, meaning it has a promising use as a three-dimensional in vitro model of melanoma for both tissue engineering and drug screening applications.

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“…The maximum increase of Awater during edema was 33±3% relative to the control. However, based on the confocal Raman spectroscopy data, 32 the water content in the dermis can be estimated as ∼70%. Hence, the 33% increase means water content rises to as much as ∼90%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the skin structure during edema in vivo with spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

Davydov,

Budylin,

Baev

et al. 2023

J. Biomed. Opt.

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. Significance Edema occurs in the course of various skin diseases. It manifests itself in changes in water concentrations in skin layers: dermis and hypodermis and their thicknesses. In medicine and cosmetology, objective tools are required to assess the skin’s physiological parameters. The dynamics of edema and the skin of healthy volunteers were studied using spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) in conjunction with ultrasound (US). Aim In this work, we have developed a method based on DRS with a spatial resolution (SR DRS), allowing us to simultaneously assess water content in the dermis, dermal thickness, and hypodermal thickness. Approach An experimental investigation of histamine included edema using SR DRS under the control of US was conducted. An approach for skin parameter determination was studied and confirmed using Monte-Carlo simulation of diffuse reflectance spectra for a three-layered system with the varying dermis and hypodermis parameters. Results It was shown that an interfiber distance of 1 mm yields a minimal relative error of water content determination in the dermis equal to 9.3%. The lowest error of hypodermal thickness estimation was achieved with the interfiber distance of 10 mm. Dermal thickness for a group of volunteers (7 participants, 21 measurement sites) was determined using SR DRS technique with an 8.3% error using machine learning approaches, taking measurements at multiple interfiber distances into account. Hypodermis thickness was determined with root mean squared error of 0.56 mm for the same group. Conclusions This study demonstrates that measurement of the skin diffuse reflectance response at multiple distances makes it possible to determine the main parameters of the skin and will serve as the basis for the development and verification of an approach that works in a wide range of skin structure parameters.

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In vivo determination of dermal water content in chronological skin aging by confocal Raman spectroscopy

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Newborn and elderly skin: two fragile skins at higher risk of pressure injury

Newborn and elderly skin: two fragile skins at higher risk of pressure injury

Bioinspired Collagen/Hyaluronic Acid/Fibrin-Based Hydrogels for Soft Tissue Engineering: Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Characterization

Monitoring the skin structure during edema in vivo with spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

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