In Vivo Diurnal Variation in Intervertebral Disc Volume and Morphology

Botsford, D J; Esses, Stephen I.; Ogilvie-Harris, D.J.

doi:10.1097/00007632-199404150-00012

Cited by 189 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…Prior work on the lumbar spine has observed increases in lumbar intervertebral disc size after overnight (13,14) and prolonged (2) bed rest. These changes in the Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hypertrophy in the cervical muscles and thoracic discs in bed rest?

Belavý

Miokovic

Armbrecht

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The impact of prolonged bed rest on the cervical and upper thoracic spine is unknown. In the 2nd Berlin BedRest Study (BBR2-2), 24 male subjects underwent 60-day bed rest and performed either no exercise, resistive exercise, or resistive exercise with whole body vibration. Subjects were followed for 2 yr after bed rest. On axial cervical magnetic resonance images from the skull to T3, the volumes of the semispinalis capitis, splenius capitis, spinalis cervicis, longus capitis, longus colli, levator scapulae, sternocleidomastoid, middle and posterior scalenes, and anterior scalenes were measured. Disc height, anteroposterior width, and volume were measured from C2/3 to T6/7 on sagittal images. The volume of all muscles, with the exception of semispinalis capitis, increased during bed rest (P Ͻ 0.025). There were no significant differences between the groups for changes in the muscles. Increased upper and midthoracic spine disc height and volume (P Ͻ 0.001) was seen during bed rest, and disc height increases persisted at least 6 mo after bed rest. Increases in thoracic disc height were greater (P ϭ 0.003) in the resistive vibration exercise group than in control. On radiological review, two subjects showed new injuries to the mid-lower thoracic spine. One of these subjects reported a midthoracic pain incident during maximal strength testing before bed rest and the other after countermeasure exercise on day 3 of bed rest. We conclude that bed rest is associated with increased disc size in the thoracic region and increases in muscle volume at the neck. The exercise device needs to be modified to ensure that load is distributed in a more physiological fashion. morphology; uncovertebral joint; magnetic resonance imaging; spaceflight; microgravity PROLONGED BED REST is a methodology used by space agencies to simulate the deleterious effects of spaceflight on the human body (28) and hence also to trial various types of countermeasures against the detriments that occur in spaceflight. Very little data is available on the effect of bed rest or spaceflight on the cervical spine and its musculature. This is understandable, as the effect of bed rest and spaceflight on the musculoskeletal system is most prominent in the lower half of the body (11), and hence research typically focuses on this area of the body.The 2nd Berlin BedRest Study (BBR2-2) was a 60-day head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest study in which the primary focus was on the impact of exercise countermeasures on bone loss (4). When we initiated the study, we felt it important to also gain a deeper understanding of body regions not typically examined in such bed rest studies, such as the cervical spine. Furthermore, from an ethical point of view, we considered it important to better understand what kinds of changes subjects undergo in such studies. In this vein, it was appropriate to investigate body regions such as the cervical and upper thoracic spine. Also, we were aware of anecdotal reports of headache during HDT bed rest, but to our knowledge, these have never been...

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“…Prior work on the lumbar spine has observed increases in lumbar intervertebral disc size after overnight (13,14) and prolonged (2) bed rest. These changes in the Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hypertrophy in the cervical muscles and thoracic discs in bed rest?

Belavý

Miokovic

Armbrecht

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…However, IVD swelling in spaceflight can be inferred from increases in spine length [5] and body height [6] during spaceflight and from IVD swelling observed in vivo following bed rest (Fig. 2) for a few hours [7,8], overnight [9][10][11][12], and for a number of weeks [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. At the end of overnight bed-rest, lumbar intradiscal pressure is increased [20].…”

Section: What Are the Likely Mechanisms?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disc herniations in astronauts: What causes them, and what does it tell us about herniation on earth?

et al. 2015

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Purpose Recent work showed an increased risk of cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) herniations in astronauts. The European Space Agency asked the authors to advise on the underlying pathophysiology of this increased risk, to identify predisposing factors and possible interventions and to suggest research priorities. Methods The authors performed a narrative literature review of the possible mechanisms, and conducted a survey within the team to prioritize research and prevention approaches.Results and conclusions Based on literature review the most likely cause for lumbar IVD herniations was concluded to be swelling of the IVD in the unloaded condition during spaceflight. For the cervical IVDs, the knowledge base is too limited to postulate a likely mechanism or recommend approaches for prevention. Basic research on the impact of (un)loading on the cervical IVD and translational research is needed. The highest priority prevention approach for the lumbar spine was post-flight care avoiding activities involving spinal flexion, followed by passive

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“…The mean relative volume change between MRI scans taken after 6-h bed rest and after a full day activity was 16.2% [13], whereas the average volume increase 3 h after a highly compressive load is removed was 5.4% [38]. Between evening and morning MRI scans, T1 was found to decrease, whereas T2 was found to increase [11].…”

Section: Physiological Loading and Mri Imagingmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Studies have demonstrated that the water content fluctuates in the disc [12,13]. Thus, to understand disc degeneration, we need to correlate quantitative MR data to matrix composition and integrity.…”

Section: Cleavage Of Aggrecanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative MRI as a diagnostic tool of intervertebral disc matrix composition and integrity

2008

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Degenerative disc disease has been implicated as a major component of spine pathology. The current major clinical procedures for treating disc degeneration have been disappointing, because of altered spinal mechanics leading to subsequent degeneration at adjacent disc levels. Disc pathology treatment is shifting toward prevention and treatment of underlying etiologic processes at the level of the disc matrix composition and integrity and the biomechanics of the disc. The ability to perform such treatment relies on one's ability to accurately and objectively assess the state of the matrix and the effectiveness of treatment by a non-invasive technique. In this review, we will summarize our advances in efforts to develop an objective, accurate, non-invasive diagnostic tool (quantitative MRI) in the detection and quantification of matrix composition and integrity and of biomechanical changes in early intervertebral disc degeneration.

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In Vivo Diurnal Variation in Intervertebral Disc Volume and Morphology

Cited by 189 publications

References 0 publications

Hypertrophy in the cervical muscles and thoracic discs in bed rest?

Hypertrophy in the cervical muscles and thoracic discs in bed rest?

Disc herniations in astronauts: What causes them, and what does it tell us about herniation on earth?

Quantitative MRI as a diagnostic tool of intervertebral disc matrix composition and integrity

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