In vivo hyperCEST imaging: Experimental considerations for a reliable contrast

Abstract

The size of the CEST contrast is determined by the ratio between the exchangeable protons and the bulk water protons present in the tissue of interest. If hyperpolarized (HP) nuclei are used for

syn-Cryptophanes: macrocyclic compounds with optimized characteristics for the design of 129Xe NMR-based biosensors

“…This competition effect can be detrimental for in vivo experiments, as already noticed by McHugh et al in the case of cucurbituril derivatives. 21 But other factors play into the performance of a xenon host for potential 129 Xe NMR-based biosensors. When dissolving as is cryptophane 1 in water, the canonical crown-crown conformation is not the only form present as it coexists with crown-saddle forms (see Fig.…”

“…This competition effect can be detrimental for in vivo experiments, as already noticed by McHugh et al in the case of cucurbituril derivatives. 22…”

“…16,17,18,19 Native cucurbit [6]uril (compound 3 of Figure 1) has even be chosen as a proof-of-concept for in vivo detection. 20,21 Fig. 1 Xenon hosts used in this study.…”

“…1) has even been chosen as a proof-of-concept for in vivo detection. 21,22 However, the synthesis of syn-cryptophane-B (the diastereomeric molecule of cryptophane-A) has recently been achieved. 23 Interestingly, this compound opens up new possibilities for designing water-soluble molecular receptors for xenon after appropriate modification of its backbone.…”

Preclinical MRI Using Hyperpolarized 129Xe

“…Although the Peled model has been the predominant basis for HXe uptake models used in the field, Martin et al published a similar but different formulation around the same time [ 123 ]. While the Peled model began with a 129 Xe reservoir in the lungs, their model included transport of HXe to the lungs via the mouth and throat and, therefore, can accommodate a variety of breathing maneuvers.…”