In-vivo imaging of targeting and modulation of depression-relevant circuitry by transcranial direct current stimulation: a randomized clinical trial

Jog, Mayank; Kim, Elizabeth; Anderson, Cole; Kubicki, Antoni; Kayathi, Rishikesh; Jann, Kay; Yan, Lirong; Leaver, Amber M.; Hellemann, Gerhard; Iacoboni, Marco; Woods, Roger P.; Wang, Danny J.J.; Narr, Katherine L.

doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01264-3

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…They have also been used to understand individual variability in tDCS induced-electric fields combined with anatomical scans, to estimate the amount of current that can theoretically be injected into the skull and reach the cortex based on resistive properties of tissue, and to determine a proper dose of current depending on age differences (Ciechanski et al, 2018;Indahlastari et al, 2021). However, only a few studies have attempted to measure the actual current flow, or current induced magnetic field as a marker of the current flow, in the human brain in-vivo (Jog et al, 2016(Jog et al, , 2020(Jog et al, , 2021Kasinadhuni et al, 2017;Goksu et al, 2018Goksu et al, , 2021.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inconsistencies in mapping current distribution in transcranial direct current stimulation

Jwa¹,

Goodman²,

Glover³

2023

Front. Neuroimaging

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IntroductiontDCS is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique that has been widely studied both as a therapy for neuropsychiatric diseases and for cognitive enhancement. However, recent meta-analyses have reported significant inconsistencies amongst tDCS studies. Enhancing empirical understanding of current flow in the brain may help elucidate some of these inconsistencies.MethodsWe investigated tDCS-induced current distribution by injecting a low frequency current waveform in a phantom and in vivo. MR phase images were collected during the stimulation and a time-series analysis was used to reconstruct the magnetic field. A current distribution map was derived from the field map using Ampere's law.ResultsThe current distribution map in the phantom showed a clear path of current flow between the two electrodes, with more than 75% of the injected current accounted for. However, in brain, the results did evidence a current path between the two target electrodes but only some portion ( 25%) of injected current reached the cortex demonstrating that a significant fraction of the current is bypassing the brain and traveling from one electrode to the other external to the brain, probably due to conductivity differences in brain tissue types. Substantial inter-subject and intra-subject (across consecutive scans) variability in current distribution maps were also observed in human but not in phantom scans.DiscussionsAn in-vivo current mapping technique proposed in this study demonstrated that much of the injected current in tDCS was not accounted for in human brain and deviated to the edge of the brain. These findings would have ramifications in the use of tDCS as a neuromodulator and may help explain some of the inconsistencies reported in other studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inconsistencies in mapping current distribution in transcranial direct current stimulation

Jwa¹,

Goodman²,

Glover³

2023

Front. Neuroimaging

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“…The current density is often set as 1.4 mA cm −2 (the current is 2 mA) for most HD-tDCS studies [ 52 , 53 , 54 ]. Therefore, the constant current anodal polarization tests were performed at 1.43 mA cm −2 , and the plots of electrode potential versus time were also recorded during the first cycle of charging ( Figure 9 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Highly Durable Carbon/Silver/Silver Chloride Composite Electrode for High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Cao

Duan³

2021

Nanomaterials

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High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) is a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique, which has been widely used in the clinical intervention and treatment of neurological or psychiatric disorders. Sintered Ag/AgCl electrode has become a preferred candidate for HD-tDCS, but its service life is very short, especially for long-term anodal stimulation. To address this issue, a novel highly durable conductive carbon/silver/silver chloride composite (C/Ag/AgCl) electrode was fabricated by a facile cold rolling method. The important parameters were systematically optimized, including the conductive enhancer, the particle size of Ag powder, the C:Ag:PTFE ratio, the saline concentration, and the active substance loading. The CNT/Ag/AgCl-721 electrode demonstrated excellent specific capacity and cycling performance. Both constant current anodal polarization and simulated tDCS measurement demonstrated that the service life of the CNT/Ag/AgCl-721 electrodes was 15-16 times of that of sintered Ag/AgCl electrodes. The much longer service life can be attributed to the formation of the three-dimensional interpenetrating conductive network with CNT doping, which can maintain a good conductivity and cycling performance even if excessive non-conductive AgCl is accumulated on the surface during long-term anodal stimulation. Considering their low cost, long service life, and good skin tolerance, the proposed CNT/Ag/AgCl electrodes have shown promising application prospects in HD-tDCS, especially for daily life scenarios.

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“…On a microscopic level, the therapeutic effect of tDCS on emotional disturbance may be associated with the resting membrane potential, spontaneous neuronal firing rates and synaptic strength (Arul-Anandam & Loo, 2009). When focusing on the activation of brain regions, the DLPFC and anterior cingulate cortex are often considered the main targets of tDCS (Bai, Dokos, Ho, & Loo, 2014; Jog et al, 2021; Mehrsafar et al, 2020; Wolkenstein & Plewnia, 2013; Wolkenstein et al, 2014). Clarification of the mechanism would be helpful for the optimization of tDCS in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The efficacy of non-invasive, non-convulsive electrical neuromodulation on depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cheng

Kuo

et al. 2022

Psychol. Med.

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The effects of non-invasive, non-convulsive electrical neuromodulation (NINCEN) on depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance are inconsistent in different studies. Previous meta-analyses on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cerebral electrotherapy stimulation (CES) suggested that these methods are effective on depression. However, not all types of NINECN were included; results on anxiety and sleep disturbance were lacking and the influence of different populations and treatment parameters was not completely analyzed. We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, PsycArticles and CINAHL before March 2021 and included published randomized clinical trials of all types of NINCEN for symptoms of depression, anxiety and sleep in clinical and non-clinical populations. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. The main outcome was change in the severity of depressive symptoms after NINCEN treatment. A total of 58 studies on NINCEN were included in the meta-analysis. Active tDCS showed a significant effect on depressive symptoms (Hedges' g = 0.544), anxiety (Hedges' g = 0.667) and response rate (odds ratio = 1.9594) compared to sham control. CES also had a significant effect on depression (Hedges' g = 0.654) and anxiety (Hedges' g = 0.711). For all types of NINCEN, active stimulation was significantly effective on depression, anxiety, sleep efficiency, sleep latency, total sleep time, etc. Our results showed that tDCS has significant effects on both depression and anxiety and that these effects are robust for different populations and treatment parameters. The rational expectation of the tDCS effect is ‘response’ rather than ‘remission’. CES also is effective for depression and anxiety, especially in patients with disorders of low severity.

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In-vivo imaging of targeting and modulation of depression-relevant circuitry by transcranial direct current stimulation: a randomized clinical trial

Cited by 18 publications

References 86 publications

Inconsistencies in mapping current distribution in transcranial direct current stimulation

Inconsistencies in mapping current distribution in transcranial direct current stimulation

A Novel Highly Durable Carbon/Silver/Silver Chloride Composite Electrode for High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

The efficacy of non-invasive, non-convulsive electrical neuromodulation on depression, anxiety and sleep disturbance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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