In vivo investigations of polymers in bone tissue engineering: a review study

Development of Poly(methyl methacrylate)/nano-hydroxyapatite (PMMA/nHA) Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering Regeneration Using an Electrospinning Technique

“…The controlled release of bioactive molecules or growth factors can also be achieved by incorporating them into the electrospun fibers, facilitating tissue regeneration. Additionally, the ease of fabrication and scalability of electrospinning make it a viable option for producing large-scale, customized scaffolds for clinical applications [ 31 ]. Therefore, PMMA in the form of electrospun fibers is proposed in this paper for BTE applications.…”

Computational Modelling and Simulation of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…They must be: (i) nontoxic to host tissues (i.e., biocompatible), (ii) able to degrade their structure to give space for the growing bone cells (i.e., biodegradable) [34], (iii) able to permit the cells to stick and multiply on their surfaces to generate extracellular matrix (i.e., osteoconductive) [35], (iv) able to induce neo-bone tissues through mechanical stimulus (i.e., osteoinductive) [36], (v) able to form bone materials with the help of bone-forming cells 'osteoblasts' (i.e., osteogenic), (vi) able to integrate existing osseous tissues with their load-bearing surfaces (osteointegration) [37], (vii) exhibit appropriate morphological characteristics like pore size, porosity, and pore connectivity [38], and (viii) mirror the mechanical properties of the host tissues, including Young's modulus and compressive strength. These properties of scaffolds are influenced by their materials, such as synthetic and natural polymers, bio-composites, metal alloys and ceramics (Figures 3 and 4) [39][40][41].…”