In-vivo mapping of drusen by fundus autofluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging

Göbel, Arno P.; Fleckenstein, Monika; Heeren, Tjebo; Holz, Frank G.; Schmitz-Valckenberg, Steffen

doi:10.1007/s00417-015-3012-4

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For in vivo en face imaging, Delori et al 29 found hypoautofluorescence of the drusen center, often surrounded by a hyperfluorescent annulus. Göbel et al 30 found drusen with increased, decreased, as well as unremarkable autofluorescence intensity. In a recent clinical study, we found one-third of soft drusen to be hyperfluorescent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fluorescence Lifetimes and Spectra of RPE and Sub-RPE Deposits in Histology of Control and AMD Eyes

Schultz

Gamage

Messinger

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Purpose To investigate fluorescence lifetimes as well as spectral characteristics of drusen and RPE autofluorescence in AMD. Methods Fluorescence lifetimes and spectra of five eyes with AMD and nine control eyes were analyzed in cryosections by means of two-photon excited fluorescence at 960 nm. Spectra were detected at 490 to 647 nm. Lifetimes were measured using time-correlated single photon counting in two spectral channels: 500 to 550 nm and 550 to 700 nm. Fluorescence decays over time were approximated by a series of three exponential functions. The amplitude-weighted mean fluorescence lifetime was determined. Results We identified 196 sub-RPE deposits (AMD, n = 76; control, n = 120) and recorded 241 RPE sites. The peak emission wavelength of sub-RPE deposits was significantly green shifted compared with RPE (peak at 570 nm vs. 610 nm), but did not differ between AMD and control donors. Sub-RPE deposits showed considerably longer mean fluorescence lifetimes than RPE (ch1, 581 ± 163 ps vs. 177 ± 25 ps; ch2, 541 ± 125 ps vs. 285 ± 31 ps; P < 0.001). Sub-RPE deposits found in AMD eyes had longer lifetimes than deposits of controls (ch1, 650 ± 167 ps vs. 537 ± 145 ps; ch2, 600 ± 125 ps vs. 504 ± 111 ps; P < 0.001). In AMD eyes, sub-RPE deposits showed a more homogenous autofluorescence distribution and more deposits were larger than 63 µm than in control eyes. Conclusions Ex vivo fluorescence imaging of sub-RPE deposits in cross-sections enables the separation of their autofluorescence from that of over- or underlying structures. Our analysis showed considerable variability of sub-RPE deposit lifetimes but not spectra. This indicates that sub-RPE deposits either consist of a variety of different fluorophores or expose the same fluorophores to different microenvironments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fluorescence Lifetimes and Spectra of RPE and Sub-RPE Deposits in Histology of Control and AMD Eyes

Schultz

Gamage

Messinger

et al. 2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…Whereas Delori et al found hypo-fluorescence of the drusen center, often surrounded by a hyper-fluorescent annulus, 39 Göbel et al found drusen with increased, decreased, as well as unremarkable autofluorescence intensity. 40 Investigating refractile drusen, Suzuki et al found a transition from uniform hyper-FAF to a ring of hyper-FAF, presumably due to a phase of photoreceptor shortening followed by loss of the RPE on the top of the druse. 41 Accordingly, FLIO has revealed a wide variety in drusen fluorescence lifetimes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescence Lifetimes and Spectra of RPE and sub-RPE Deposits in Histology of Normal and AMD Eyes

Schultz

Gamage

Messinger

et al. 2020

Preprint

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24Purpose: To investigate autofluorescence lifetimes as well as spectral characteristics of drusen and 25 retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 26Method: Fluorescence lifetimes and spectra of five eyes with AMD and nine control eyes were analyzed 27 in cryosections by means of two-photon excited fluorescence at 960 nm. Spectra were detected at 490 -28 647nm. Lifetime was measured using time-correlated single photon counting in two spectral channels: 29 500-550nm and 550-700nm. The fluorescence decays over time were approximated by a series of three 30 exponential functions and the amplitude-weighted mean fluorescence lifetime τ m was determined. 31Results: 196 sub-RPE deposits were identified (AMD n=76, healthy n=120) and 230 RPE sites recorded. 32The peak emission wavelength of drusen was significantly green-shifted compared to RPE (peak at 33 570nm vs. 610nm), but not different between patients and controls. Drusen showed considerably longer 34 τ m than RPE: (ch1: 581 ± 163 ps vs. 177 ± 25 ps, ch2: 541 ± 125 ps vs. 285 ± 31 ps, p < 0.001). Drusen 35 found in AMD eyes had longer lifetimes than drusen of controls (ch1: 650 ± 167 ps vs. 537 ± 145 ps, ch2: 36 600 ± 125 ps vs. 504 ± 111 ps, p < 0.001). In addition, drusen in AMD eyes showed a more homogenous 37 fluorescence distribution and more drusen were larger than 63µm than in control eyes. 38Conclusions: Ex vivo fluorescence imaging of drusen in cross-sections enables the separation of their 39 autofluorescence from that of over-or underlying structures. Our analysis showed considerable 40 variability of drusen lifetimes but not spectra. This indicates that drusen consist of a variety of different 41 fluorophores or expose the same fluorophores to different microenvironments. Changes in drusen 42 lifetimes could be related to AMD progression.

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“…Delori et al [64] noted variable FAF patterns over hard and soft drusen, but with hyper-AF surrounding drusen, suggesting changes in RPE metabolism. Focal vitelliform deposition over drusen may increase FAF signal, [65] but otherwise the intrinsic FAF signal from drusen is variable and cannot be used clinically to differentiate drusen types reliably. [9] Reticular pseudodrusen, or subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD), represent an independent risk factor for progression to advanced AMD.…”

Section: Age-related Macular Degeneration (Amd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundus Autofluorescence and Clinical Applications

Pole

Ameri

2021

JOVR

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Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) has allowed in vivo mapping of retinal metabolic derangements and structural changes not possible with conventional color imaging. Incident light is absorbed by molecules in the fundus, which are excited and in turn emit photons of specific wavelengths that are captured and processed by a sensor to create a metabolic map of the fundus. Studies on the growing number of FAF platforms has shown each may be suited to certain clinical scenarios. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopes, fundus cameras, and modifications of these each have benefits and drawbacks that must be considered before and after imaging to properly interpret the images. Emerging clinical evidence has demonstrated the usefulness of FAF in diagnosis and management of an increasing number of chorioretinal conditions, such as agerelated macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, retinal drug toxicities, and inherited retinal degenerations such as retinitis pigmentosa and Stargardt disease. This article reviews commercial imaging platforms, imaging techniques, and clinical applications of FAF.

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In-vivo mapping of drusen by fundus autofluorescence and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Fluorescence Lifetimes and Spectra of RPE and Sub-RPE Deposits in Histology of Control and AMD Eyes

Fluorescence Lifetimes and Spectra of RPE and Sub-RPE Deposits in Histology of Control and AMD Eyes

Fluorescence Lifetimes and Spectra of RPE and sub-RPE Deposits in Histology of Normal and AMD Eyes

Fundus Autofluorescence and Clinical Applications

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