In Vivo Measurement of Lumbar Foramen During Axial Loading Using a Compression Device and Computed Tomography

Iwata, Takahiro; Miyamoto, Kei; Hioki, Atsushi; Ohashi, Minoru; Inoue, Nozomu; Shimizu, Katsuji

doi:10.1097/bsd.0b013e318286f635

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Iwata et al [12] used CT imaging to study 12 asymptomatic young volunteers while applying axial loads using a compression device. They found that the in-vivo LIVF dimensions decreased significantly at all levels, but increased at the L5-S1 during the axial loading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, it should be noted that we reconstructed 3D models of the LIVFs and accurately defined the cross sections of the minimal foramen areas. However, the mid-sagittal plane of the cranio-caudal pedicles (mid-sagittal plane) [10–12] or the plane along the middle of the cranio-caudal pedicles (mid-pedicle plane) [24] has been used in the literature to define the narrowest foramen areas (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the L5-S1 level, the L5 nerve root is larger in diameter, but the LIVF area is smaller than other lumbar levels [4]. However, the higher root/foramen area ratio does not enhance the nerve root involvement at the L5-S1 level during flexion-extension motion [12, 15, 16, 26]. This may be due to the less variation of the structural dimensions of the L5-S1 LIVF along the flexion-extension path.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo dynamic changes of dimensions in the lumbar intervertebral foramen

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND CONTEXT Previous studies have reported position-dependent changes of the lumbar intervertebral foramen (LIVF) dimensions at different static flexion-extension postures. However, the changes of the LIVF dimensions during dynamic body motion have not been reported. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate the in-vivo dimensions of the LIVF during a dynamic weight-lifting activity. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A retrospective study. METHODS Ten asymptomatic subjects were recruited for this study. 3D vertebral models of the lumbar segments from L2 to S1 were constructed for each subject using MR images. The lumbar spine was then imaged using a dual fluoroscopic imaging system as the subject performed a dynamic weight-lifting activity from an upper body position of 45° to a maximal extension position. The in-vivo positions of the vertebrae along the motion path were reproduced using the 3D vertebral models and the fluoroscopic images. The minimal area, height, and width of each LIVF during the dynamic body motion were analyzed. RESULTS The LIVF area and width monotonically decreased with lumbar extension at all levels except L5-S1 (p < 0.05). On average, the LIVF area decreased by 7.4 ± 6.7 %, 10.8 ± 7.7 % and 10.0 ± 8.0 % at the L2–3, L3–4 and L4–5 levels, respectively, from the flexion to the upright standing position, and by 6.4 ± 5.0 %, 7.7 ± 7.4 % and 5.1 ± 5.1 %, respectively, from the upright standing to the extension position. LIVF height remained relatively constant at all segments during the dynamic activity. The foramen area, height, and width of the L5-S1 remained relatively constant throughout the activity. CONCLUSIONS Human lumbar foramen dimensions show segment-dependent characteristics during the dynamic weight-lifting activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo dynamic changes of dimensions in the lumbar intervertebral foramen

et al. 2015

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“…Iwata et al . 26 demonstrated the effects of axial loading on the lumbar foraminal geometry in vivo . Zhong et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lumbar intervertebral foramen includes the adjacent vertebral pedicles superiorly and inferiorly, the postero-inferior margin of the superior vertebral body, the intervertebral disc, and the postero-superior vertebral notch of the inferior vertebral body anteriorly 22 . Many studies have focused on the morphology of intervertebral foramen in vivo and in vitro 20,23–26 . The foraminal height was reported as 11–23 mm and the foraminal width as 8–10 mm 4,18,23,25,27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in L4/5 Intervertebral Foramen Bony Morphology with Age

Yan

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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The purpose of this study was to explore the morphological changes in L4/5 intervertebral foramen with age using a digital method. The closed boundaries of the intervertebral foramen (IGES) in different sagittal slices (inside, middle and outside) were obtained from Mimics, and then imported to a custom-written program, which provided quantitative distance between the nerve root and the closed curves. The quantitative information of each age group was used to produce radar chart and line chart for morphological and statistical analyses. Overall, the intervertebral foramen changes mainly occurred in the inner part from middle age to old age. The foraminal height decreased with age in the inside sagittal slice, while no significant difference was found in the middle sagittal slice or the outside sagittal slice. The foraminal width showed no decrease in each age group or each sagittal plane. The present study described foraminal geometry of asymptomatic males in different sagittal slices with age. This information enhances the knowledge of anatomical changes in intervertebral foramen with age, which provides better understanding of the pathology of intervertebral foramen diseases.

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