In Vivo Observation of Tear Dynamics Using Fluorophotometry

Benedetto, Dominick; Clinch, Thomas E.; Laibson, Peter R.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030328030

Cited by 97 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…dry eye syndrome [5][6][7][8]). Several authors using different techniques have evaluated the dynamic of the tear film [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Montés-Micó et al [7] have found differences in the dynamic of the tear film between normal and dry eyes, measuring the change in corneal aberrations after a blink.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 38%

Dynamic changes in the air–tear film interface modulation transfer function

Ferrer-Blasco

García‐Lázaro

Montés‐Micó

et al. 2009

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 38%

Dynamic changes in the air–tear film interface modulation transfer function

Ferrer-Blasco

García‐Lázaro

Montés‐Micó

et al. 2009

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the first tear film break-up points between the two groups (P=0.469). A fluorophotometric study by Benedetto et al (26) implied that inferior tear film was potentially thinner than the superior in normal individuals. Zhuang et al (27) used interferometry to measure tear film thickness at different points along the corneal vertical meridian and observed the same phenomenon documented by Benedetto et al In the present research, the result of the MGD group was consistent with previous studies but the results for the control group differed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

A novel noninvasive ocular surface analyzer for the assessment of dry eye with Meibomian gland dysfunction

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2017

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

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Abstract. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of dry eye, and the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the differences between dry eye patients with MGD and controls using a novel noninvasive ocular surface analyzer. A total of 33 dry eye patients with MGD and 31 controls were enrolled in the present study. Testing included administration of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), followed by Keratogragh 5M (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), measurements of the noninvasive tear film break-up times (NITBUTs), the first tear film break-up point and the morphology of meibomian gland. Meibomian gland loss (MGL) on the upper lid was evaluated using noncontact meibography. The first NITBUT (NITBUTf) was significantly shorter than the average NITBUT (NITBUTav; Mann-Whitney U-test, P<0.01). There was a weak negative Spearman correlation between NITBUTf and OSDI (rs=-0.251, P=0.046) as well as between NITBUTav and OSDI (rs=-0.250, P=0.046). Furthermore, MGL showed a statistically significant Spearman correlation with OSDI (rs= 0.562; P<0.01). In the MGD group, NITBUTf was significantly shorter (P<0.01), and MGL and OSDI score were significantly greater (P<0.01 and <0.01, respectively) than in the control group. In the MGD group, the first tear film break-up point was most frequently located in the inferonasal quadrant, while it was most frequently located in the supertemporal quadrant in the control group, and there was a significant difference with this regard (χ 2 =3.937, P=0.047). In the MGD group, there were significantly more breakups in the lower quadrant than in the upper quadrant (P=0.011), whereas no differences in the number of breakups in each quadrant were observed in the control group (P= 0.429). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the breakups in the lower quadrants of the two groups (χ 2 =0.525, P=0.469). In the MGD group, there were significantly more breakups in the lower quadrant than in the upper quadrant (P=0.011), whereas no differences in the number of breakups in each quadrant were observed in the control group (P= 0.429). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the breakups in the lower quadrants of the two groups (χ 2 =0.525, P=0.469). As the NITBUTs showed only a weak correlation with OSDI, they may not be a strong indicator of the OSDI. However, MGL indicated changes of meibomian gland morphology in the MGD group and the first tear film break-up point was likely located in the inferonasal quadrant in the MGD group.

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“…It has been suggested that a thinner lipid layer in the superior cornea immediately after a blink causes a high surface tension, which results in upward drift of the tear film and then leads to a thicker tear film in the upper cornea. 1,14 Owens and Phillips 15 found that tear upward spreading velocity decreased to minimum one s post-blink. Our results also showed that the increase in ocular surface height in the superior region of the map in the 'build-up phase' was first very rapid (less than 1 s) and then became relatively stable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tear film builds up after a blink and becomes unstable over time, finally breaking up if the eye is left open for a sufficient period of time. [1][2][3] Local changes in the tear film or tear irregularity that overlap the pupil area can introduce additional aberrations into the optics of the eye; hence, instability of the tear film will cause changes in the optical quality of the eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of ocular surface topography

Zhu

Collins

Iskander

2006

Eye

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Purpose To investigate fluctuations in the ocular surface, we used high-speed videokeratoscopy (50 Hz) to measure the dynamics of the ocular surface topography. Methods Ocular surface height difference maps were computed to illustrate the changes in the tear film in the inter-blink interval. Topography data were used to derive the ocular surface wavefront aberrations up to the fourth radial order of the Zernike polynomial expansion. We examined the ocular surface dynamics and temporal changes in the ocular surface wavefront aberrations in the inter-blink interval. Results During the first 0.5 s following a blink, the ocular surface height at the upper edge of the topography map increased by about 2 lm. Temporal changes occurred for some ocular surface wavefront aberrations and appeared to be related to changes in the distribution of tear film. Conclusion In the clinical measurement of ocular surface topography using videokeratoscopy or optics of the eye using wavefront sensors, care should be taken to avoid the initial tear film build-up phase following a blink to achieve more consistent results.

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In Vivo Observation of Tear Dynamics Using Fluorophotometry

Cited by 97 publications

References 3 publications

Dynamic changes in the air–tear film interface modulation transfer function

Dynamic changes in the air–tear film interface modulation transfer function

A novel noninvasive ocular surface analyzer for the assessment of dry eye with Meibomian gland dysfunction

Dynamics of ocular surface topography

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